Biology Section 4.1: Energy and 4.2: Photosynthesis Flashcards

2715659984	Autotroph	an organism that is able to capture energy from the environment and store it in the chemical bonds of organic molecules	0
2715660883	Heterotroph	an organism that must acquire energy by consuming other organisms	1
2715660884	Photosynthesis	the chemical reaction that captures energy from sunlight and stores it in the chemical bonds of organic molecules	2
2715661290	Chemosynthesis	the chemical reaction that captures energy from environmental chemicals and stores it in the chemical bonds of organic molecules	3
2715661535	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)	the energy-carrier molecule used to power cellular processes; stores energy in the chemical bonds between its three phosphate groups	4
2715662188	Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)	the energy-carrier molecule used to power cellular processes; stores energy in the chemical bonds between its two phosphate groups	5
2715665106	Cellular respiration	the chemical reaction used by living cells to release energy from organic molecules	6
2715684856	Stroma	the fluid interior of chloroplast	7
2715684857	Thylakoids	the interconnected disk-shaped pouches in chloroplast	8
2715685165	Granum	a group of thylakoids	9
2715685166	Light-dependent reactions	the phase of photosynthesis in which sunlight is converted to chemical energy and oxygen is released	10
2715685973	Light-independent reactions	the phase of photosynthesis in which a three-carbon sugar is formed	11
2715685974	Photosystem II	the phase of light-dependent reaction in which sunlight energy excites electrons and an enzyme splits water into hydrogen ions, oxygen molecules, and free electrons	12
2715686760	Electron transport chain	a series of molecules within the thylakoid that moves energized electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I	13
2715686761	Photosystem I	the phase of light-dependent reaction in which the energy carrier NADP+ is reduced to NADPH	14
2715687717	NADPH	the energy-carrier molecule	15
2715687915	Calvin cycle	the series of steps during the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis in which a three-carbon sugar is formed	16