CH. 3 ? Africa Egypt: Political Longest lasting empire Theocracy Upper/Lower Egypt united through Menes Capital: Memphis Sets up a dynasty [power passed down a ruling family] Liked Nubia for trade/political [war] reasons Wanted profit from controlling trade Nubia wanted independence from bigger nation Hyskos ruled Egypt after conquering with horses/bronze weapons Kicked out after Upper Egypt pushed them out with their own horses/bronze weapons New Kingdom After New declined in politics/military Kushite/Assyrian armies took over Egypt Economy Isolated from most other cultures After New Kingdom, conquers + trades with other cultures Specialized labor Masonry [stonework] Bronze metallurgy high cost iron metallurgy