Biology Campbell 9th edition ch.2 Flashcards
Vocabulary
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 1522265972 | essential elements | Elements that an organism needs to live a healthy life and reproduce | 0 | |
| 1522265973 | trace elements | Elements required by an organism in only minute quantities | 1 | |
| 1522265974 | atom | Basic unit of matter | 2 | |
| 1522265975 | protons | positively charged particles, atomic number | 3 | |
| 1522265976 | electrons | Negatively charged particles | 4 | |
| 1522265977 | atomic nucleus | An atom's dense central core, containing protons and neutrons. | 5 | |
| 1522265978 | Dalton | A measure of mass for atoms and subatomic particles; the same as the atomic mass unit, or amu. | 6 | |
| 1522265979 | atomic number | Number of protons in an atom. | 7 | |
| 1522265980 | mass number | The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. | 8 | |
| 1522265981 | atomic mass | The average mass of an atom of an element found by adding the number of protons and neutrons in an atom. | 9 | |
| 1522265982 | isotopes | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons | 10 | |
| 1522265983 | radioactive isotopes | Atoms that are unstable, meaning they decay, or break down, to form stable atoms of a different element | 11 | |
| 1522265984 | valence electrons | An electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines the atom's chemical properties | 12 | |
| 1522265985 | valence shells | outermost shell of an atom | 13 | |
| 1522265986 | orbital | A region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be found. | 14 | |
| 1522265987 | covalent bond | A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule | 15 | |
| 1522265988 | single bond | A covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons. | 16 | |
| 1522265989 | double bond | A chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons | 17 | |
| 1522265990 | valence | An electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom | 18 | |
| 1522265991 | electronegativity | A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons. | 19 | |
| 1522265992 | nonpolar covalent bond | A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity. | 20 | |
| 1522265993 | polar covalent bond | A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive. | 21 | |
| 1522265994 | ion | An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge. | 22 | |
| 1522265995 | cation | A positively charged ion. | 23 | |
| 1522265996 | anion | A negatively charged ion | 24 | |
| 1522265997 | ionic bond | A chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion | 25 | |
| 1522265998 | ionic compound | Composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal | 26 | |
| 1522265999 | hydrogen bond | A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule. | 27 | |
| 1522266000 | Van der Waals interactions | Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from transient local partial charges. | 28 | |
| 1522266001 | chemical equilibrium | A state of balance in which the rate of a forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction and the concentrations of products and reactants remain unchanged. | 29 | |
| 1522266002 | neutrons | the particles of the nucleus that have no charge | 30 |