APUSH American Pageant Chapter 28 Flashcards

3746453529	Henry Demarest Lloyd	He wrote the book "Wealth Against Commonwealth" in 1894. It was part of the progressive movement and the book's purpose was to show the wrong in the monopoly of the Standard Oil Company.	0
3746453530	Thorstein Veblen	(1857-1929) American economist (of Norwegian heritage). He is primarily remembered for his book "The Theory of the Leisure Class" (1899) that introduced phrases like "conspicuous consumption." He is remembered for likening the ostentation of the rich to the Darwinian proofs-of-virility found in the animal kingdom.	1
3746454778	Jacob Riis	A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote "How The Other Half Lives" in 1890.	2
3746454779	Lincoln Steffens	United States journalist who exposes in 1906 started an era of muckraking journalism (1866-1936), Writing for McClure's Magazine, he criticized the trend of urbanization with a series of articles under the title "Shame of the Cities"	3
3746454780	Theodore Dreiser	American naturalist who wrote "The Financier" and "The Titan". Like Riis, he helped reveal the poor conditions people in the slums faced and influenced reforms.	4
3746456281	Jane Addams	1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom.	5
3746456282	Lillian Wald	Founder of Henry Street Settlement House in NY and Founder of Public Health Nursing	6
3746456283	Ida Tarbell	A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work "A History of Standard Oil"	7
3746458087	Ray Stannard Baker	Wrote the book 'Following the Color Line', becoming the first prominent journalist to examine America's racial divide. It was extremely successful.	8
3746458088	Robert M. La Follette	A proponent of Progressivism and a vocal opponent of railroad trusts, bossism, WWI, and the League of Nations. He ran for President as the nominee of his own Progressive Party in 1924.	9
3746458089	Hiram Johnson	The reform governor of California who fought against the economic and political power of the Southern Pacific Railroad. He was successful.	10
3746459680	Frances Willard	Became leader of the WCTU. She worked to educate people about the evils of alcohol. She urged laws banning the sale of liquor. Also worked to outlaw saloons as step towards strengthening democracy.	11
3746459681	Florence Kelley	reformer who worked to prohibit child labor and to improve conditions for female workers	12
3746459682	Louis D. Brandeis	wrote the book "Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It". Further showed the problems of the American banking system. Wilson nominated him to the supreme court making him the first Jewish person in that position.	13
3746461097	Upton Sinclair	muckraker who shocked the nation when he published "The Jungle", a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.	14
3746461098	John Muir	(1838-1914) Naturalist who believed the wilderness should be preserved in its natural state. He was largely responsible for the creation of Yosemite National Park in California.	15
3746461099	Jack London	Author of "The Call of the Wild" (1903) which portrayed the conflict between nature and civilization	16
3746463117	Gifford Pinchot	head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them	17
3746463118	Eugene V. Debs	one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States	18
3746463119	Nelson Aldrich	was a prominent American politician and a leader of the Republican Party in the Senate, where he served from 1881 to 1911. By the 1890s he was one of the "Big Four" key Republicans who largely controlled the major decisions of the Senate. He was deeply committed to the efficiency model of the Progressive Era.	19
3746464554	William Jennings Bryan	United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925)	20
3746464555	William Howard Taft	27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.	21
3746464556	Victor Berger	First socialist elected to Congress (US House of Representative, from Wisconsin). Congress, caught up in the hyper-patriotic wartime mood and refused to allow him to be seated (because he was opposed to the war and also because he had been convicted and sentenced to 20 years in federal prison for breaking the Espionage & Sedition Acts). His seat remained vacant until 1921. Later pardoned, he was re-elected and served until 1928.	22
3746465973	Richard Ballinger	Taft's Secretary of the Interior, allowed a private group of business people to obtain several million acres of Alaskan public lands	23
3746465974	initiative	A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.	24
3746467991	referendum	A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment.	25
3746467992	recall	A procedure for submitting to popular vote the removal of officials from office before the end of their term.	26
3746467993	"white slave" traffic	1910; made it illegal for women to be imported or transported between states for immoral purposes. Intended to keep men from traveling or immigrating with women who were not their wives.	27
3746469515	"separate spheres"	Nineteenth-century idea in Western societies that men and women, especially of the middle class, should have different roles in society: women as wives, mothers, and homemakers; men as breadwinners and participants in business and politics	28
3746469516	dry state	a state in the United States in which the manufacture, distribution, importation, and sale of alcoholic beverages are prohibited or tightly restricted.	29
3746469517	wet state	a state in the United States in which the manufacture, distribution, importation, and sale of alcoholic beverages is allowed	30
3746481021	trustbusting	Government activities seeking to dissolve corporate trusts and monopolies	31
3746481022	conservation	Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment	32
3746482964	preservationism	a holistic view of nature that assumes that an intact ecosystem is greater than the sum of its parts, with an emphasis on preserving natures because of this extra value above and beyond the value of the individual parts	33
3746482965	dollar diplomacy	Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.	34
3746482966	"rule of reason"	The criterion introduced by the Supreme Court in 1911 to determine whether a particular action was illegal ("unreasonable") or legal ("reasonable") within the terms of the Sherman Act	35
3746484588	muckrakers	1906 - Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business	36
3746484589	The Theory of the Leisure Class	Book by Thorstein Veblen, which stated that the rich only engaged in wasteful business, not industry that was helpful to society	37
3746484590	How the Other Half Lives	A book by John Riis that told the public about the lives of the immigrants and those who live in the tenements	38
3746486003	The Shame of the Cities	Lincoln Steffens; revealed the prevalence of municipal corruption in a series of articles later compiled into this work.	39
3746486004	Seventeenth Amendment	1913 constitutional amendment allowing American voters to directly elect US senators	40
3746486005	Eighteenth Amendment	prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages	41
3746488157	General Federation of Women's Clubs	united mostly middle class, white women; discussed civic issues and literary issues, advocates for children clinics, schools, purer food and drug supply, and women's suffrage, initiate letter writing campaign (since they can't vote), still segregated	42
3746488158	Women's Trade Union League	First national association dedicated to promoting women's labor issues	43
3746489601	National Consumers League	Formed in 1899, this organization was concerned with improving the working and living conditions of women in the workplace.	44
3746489602	Elkins Act	(1903) gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to control railroads from giving preferences to certain customers	45
3746489603	Hepburn Act	This 1906 law used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge that railroads to place on shipping goods.	46
3746490877	Northern Securities case	Roosevelt's legal attack on the Northern Securities Company, which was a railroad holding company owned by James Hill and J.P. Morgan. In the end, the company was "trust-busted" and paved the way for future trust-busts of bad trusts.	47
3746492325	Muller v. Oregon	1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health	48
3746493467	Lochner v. New York	(1905) This supreme court case debated whether or not New York state violated the liberty of the fourteenth amendment which allowed him to regulate his business when he made a contract. The specific contract he made violated the New York statute which stated that bakers could not work more than 60 hours per week, and more than 10 hours per day. Ultimately, it was ruled that the New York State law was invalid, and interfered with the freedom of contract	49
3746493468	Triangle Shirtwaist fire	March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory; led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers	50
3746494780	Women's Christian Temperance Union	This organization was dedicated to the idea of the 18th Amendment - the Amendment that banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol. The pres of the company was Frances Willard.	51
3746494781	the Square Deal	Teddy Roosevelt's campaign slogan in the election of 1904. It was meant that all Americans should have an equal opportunity to succeed.	52
3746496445	The Jungle	This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.	53
3746496446	Meat Inspection Act	1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines.	54
3746496455	Pure Food and Drug Act	1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.	55
3746498064	Newlands Act	Congressional response to Theodore Roosevelt in 1902. Washington was to collect money from sales of public lands in western states and use funds for development of irrigation projects	56
3746498065	The Call of the Wild	Jack London wrote this novel about a pampered dog (Buck) and how he adjusts to the harsh realities of life in the North as he struggles with his recovered wild instincts and finds a master (John Thorton) who treats him right; novel, adventure story, setting late 1890s	57
3746498066	Sierra Club	America's oldest and largest grassroots environmental organization founded in 1892 in San Fransisco, Cali first President was John Muir group was pushed by the wealthy because they wanted to conserve the nature (despite all the land the already own and "corrupted") for their later generations	58
3746499312	Yosemite National Park	1880s in California; created by Congress; Controversy over the Hetch Hetchy Valley there-San Francisco residents worried about needing more water, want it to be a reservoir. Naturalists say no. after many years of delays construction finally began after WWI	59
3746499313	New Nationalism	Roosevelt's progressive political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice	60
3746499314	U.S. Forest Service	this organization created by Teddy Roosevelt in 1905 brought the federal government to regulate the natural environment	61
3746501194	Ballinger-Pinchot affair	Ballinger, who was the Secretary of Interior, opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska against Roosevelt's conservation policies. Pinchot, who was the Chief of Forestry, supported former President Roosevelt and demanded that Taft dismiss Ballinger. Taft, who supported Ballinger, dismissed Pinchot on the basis of insubordination. This divided the Republican Party.	62
3746502652	Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bill	Taft signed this law that increased import taxes. This was a very regressive tax (regressive = costs the poor and middle class more than it costs the rich). Teddy knew it would be difficult to get Congress to lower taxes on the poor and middle class but was outraged when Taft agreed to sign this law that so clearly increased taxes on working people.	63
3746503967	Old Guard	One of two major factions largely within the Republican party, composed of the party regulars and professional politicians. They were preoccupied with building up the party machinery, developing party loyalty, and acquiring and dispensing patronage. They were challenged by progressives from around 1896 to the 1930s.	64