Chapter 7: The Progressive Era Flashcards

2564506186	Progressives	Favoring or advocating progress, change, improvement, or reform, as opposed to wishing to maintain things as they are, especially in political matters.	0
2564508586	Social Gospel Movement	A reform movement led by Protestant ministers who used religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor.	1
2564508587	Salvation Army	A Christian denominational church and an international charitable organization structured in a quasi-military fashion.	2
2564509715	Temperance Movement	A social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages.	3
2564510706	Consumers	A person who purchases goods and services for personal use.	4
2564510707	Muckrakers	Bright young reporters at the turn of the 20th century who won this unfavorable moniker from Theodore Roosevelt, but boosted the circulations of their magazines by writing exposés of widespread corruption in American society.	5
2564512067	Ida Tarbell	An American teacher, author, and journalist. One of the leading muckrakers. She is known for her pioneering investigative reporting that led to the breakup of the Standard Oil Company's monopoly.	6
2564512068	Upton Sinclair	He was a writer of novels of social protest and political tracts; he is best known for his 1906 expose of the meatpacking industry, "The Jungle."	7
2564515682	Jacob Riis	A Danish American social reformer, muckraking journalist and social documentary photographer. He is known for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the poor by publishing his book "How the other half lives."	8
2564515683	Settlement House	Mostly run by middle-class native-born women, they were found in immigrant neighborhoods provided housing, food, education, child care, cultural activities, and social connections for new arrivals to the US. Many women, both native-born and immigrant, developed life-long passions for social activism. Jane Addams's Hull House in Chicago was the most prominent.	9
2564516975	Jane Addams	She a pioneer settlement social worker,public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. She was one of the most prominent reformers of the Progressive Era. She helped turn the US to issues of concern to mothers, such as the needs of children, public health, and world peace.	10
2564516976	National Woman Suffrage Association	NWSA American organization, founded in New York City, that was created by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. An organization founded in 1890 to demand the vote for women	11
2564517874	Municipal Reform	Changes in city governments made to encourage greater efficiency, honesty, and responsiveness.	12
2564517876	Political Machines	A political machine is a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.	13
2564519126	City manager	An official appointed as the administrative manager of a city, in a council-manager form of city government.	14
2564519127	Robert La Follette	U.S. leader of the Progressive Movement, who as governor of Wisconsin and U.S. senator was noted for his support of reform legislation. He was the unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Progressive party in 1924, winning almost five million votes, or about one-sixth of the total cast.	15
2564520326	Secret Ballot	A voting method in which a voter's choices in an election are anonymous.	16
2564520327	Initiative	A progressive reform measure allowing voters to petition to have a law placed on the general ballot.	17
2564521684	Referendum	A progressive reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill or on the ballot for final approval, even after being passed by legislature.	18
2564523444	Recall	A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove elected officials from office.	19
2564523445	Direct Primary	A primary in which members of a party nominate its candidates by direct vote.	20
2564523446	17th Amendment	Established that senators were to be elected directly. This law was intended to create a more democratic, fair society.	21
2564524376	Women's Suffrage	The right of women to vote and to stand for electoral office.	22
2564524377	Child Labor	Refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and is deemed harmful.	23
2564526017	Susan B. Anthony	An American social reformer and feminist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement.	24
2564526018	Alice Paul	An American suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist, and the main leader and strategist of the 1910s campaign for the 19th Amendment.	25
2564526019	Theodore Roosevelt	He unexpectedly became the 26th president of the United States in September 1901, after the assassination of William McKinley. Young and physically robust, he brought a new energy to the White House, and won a second term on his own merits in 1904. Roosevelt confronted the bitter struggle between management and labor head-on and became known as the great "trust buster" for his strenuous efforts to break up industrial combinations under the Sherman Antitrust Act. He was also a dedicated conservationist, setting aside some 200 million acres for national forests, reserves and wildlife refuges during his presidency. In the foreign policy arena, Roosevelt won a Nobel Peace Prize for his negotiations to end the Russo-Japanese War and spearheaded the beginning of construction on the Panama Canal. He returned to politics in 1912, mounting a failed run for president at the head of a new Progressive Party.	26
2564527715	Government Regulation	A law that controls the way that a business can operate, or all of these laws considered together: Voters want some government regulation to prevent these financial disasters from happening	27
2564528559	Square Deal	It was Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection. These three demands are often referred to as the "three C's."	28
2564528560	Coal Strike of 1902	Was a strike by the United Mine Workers of America in the anthracite coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania. Miners were on strike asking for higher wages, shorter workdays and the recognition of their union. The strike threatened to shut down the winter fuel supply to all major cities. President Theodore Roosevelt became involved and set up a fact-finding commission that suspended the strike. The strike never resumed, as the miners received a 10% wage increase and reduced workdays from ten to nine hours; the owners got a higher price for coal, and did not recognize the trade union as a bargaining agent. It was the first labor episode in which the federal government intervened as a neutral arbitrator.	29
2564528561	Meat Inspection Act	A law passed by Congress to subject meat shipped over state lines to federal inspection.	30
2564529592	Pure Food and Drug Act	A law passed by Congress to inspect and regulate the labeling of all foods and pharmaceuticals intended for human consumption.	31
2564532123	William Howard Taft	27th President of the United States, he was progressive in his polices, and later the tenth Chief Justice of the United States. He is the only person to have served in both of these offices.	32
2564533477	16th Amendment	Allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the U.S. Census.	33
2564533478	Woodrow Wilson	28th U.S. president, served in office from 1913 to 1921 and led America through World War I. An advocate for democracy and world peace, He is often ranked by historians as one of the nation's greatest presidents. Once in office, he pursued an ambitious agenda of progressive reform that included the establishment of the Federal Reserve and Federal Trade Commission. He tried to keep the United States neutral during World War I but ultimately called on Congress to declare war on Germany in 1917. After the war, he helped negotiate a peace treaty that included a plan for the League of Nations. Although the Senate rejected U.S. membership in the League.	34
2564540297	Graduated Income Tax	A progressive tax system, failure to index the brackets to inflation will result in effective tax increase, as inflation in wages will increase individual income and move individuals into higher tax brackets with higher percentage rate.	35
2564540298	Federal Reserve Act	An act establishing twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks and a Federal Reserve Board, appointed by the president, to regulate banking and create stability on a national scale in the volatile banking secto	36
2564540299	Clayton Antitrust Act	Law extending the anti-trust protections of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and exempting labor unions and agricultural organizations from antimonopoly constraints.	37
2564541590	Federal Trade Commission	A banner accomplishment of Woodrow Wilson's administration, this law empowered a standing, presidentially appointed commission to investigate illegal business practices in interstate commerce like unlawful competition false advertising, and mislabeling of goods.	38
2564547172	Everglades	A natural region of tropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida.	39
2564547173	Governor Broward	A river pilot and captain before becoming a politician. He was elected as the 19th Governor of the state of Florida from 1905 to 1909. He was best known for his major project to drain the Everglades to recover land for agricultural cultivation.	40