Meyers Psychology Chapter 2 - Neuroscience & Behavior Flashcards
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| 2913741323 | Neuron | A nerve cell; basic building block of the nervous system |  | 0 |
| 2913743470 | Dendrite | The bushy branches of a neuron that receives messages and send them toward the cell body (Listener) | 1 | |
| 2913749967 | Axon | The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages are passed to other neurons (Speaker) | 2 | |
| 2913765488 | Myelin Sheath | A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables greater transmission speed of neural impulses |  | 3 |
| 2913773525 | Action Potential | A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon. Generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane | 4 | |
| 2913953228 | Synapse | The tiny gap between the axon and the dendrite |  | 5 |
| 2913957220 | Neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gap between neurons and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron |  | 6 |
| 2914041366 | Acetlycholine (ACh) | A neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, learning, and memory. Malfunction causes Alzheimer's Disease | 7 | |
| 2914108111 | Dopamine | A neurotransmitter that influences movement, learning, attention, & emotion. Excess linked to Schizophrenia and lack of causes tremors & Parkinson's disease | 8 | |
| 2914114550 | Serotonin | A neurotransmitter that effects MOOD, hunger, sleep, and arousal. Undersupply causes depression | 9 | |
| 2914262747 | Endorphins | A neurotransmitter linked to pain control and pleasure. Our natural opiate (morphine/heroin) | 10 | |
| 2914347872 | Central Nervous System | Brain & Spinal Cord |  | 11 |
| 2914350108 | Peripheral Nervous System | The sensory and motor neurons that sonnects the CNS with the rest of the body |  | 12 |
| 2914361566 | Somatic Nervous System | Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles |  | 13 |
| 2914371065 | Parasympathetic Nervous System | Part of the Autonomic Nervous System that arouses the body in stressful situations |  | 14 |
| 2917185291 | Endocrine System | The set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to send chemical messages |  | 15 |
| 2917189676 | Hormones | Chemical messengers (part of endocrine system) that are produced in one tissue and affect another | 16 | |
| 2917197379 | Adrenal Glands | Pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine to arouse the body during stress |  | 17 |
| 2917204963 | Pituitary Gland | Endocrines most influential gland, controlled by the hypothalamus, and regulates growth |  | 18 |
| 2917217263 | Electroencephalogram (EEG) | Recording of brain waves (electrical activity). Measured with electrodes on the scalp |  | 19 |
| 2917225511 | Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan | Display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task |  | 20 |
| 2917236632 | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | Use of magnetic fields and radio waves to produce an image of the structures within the brain |  | 21 |
| 2917250718 | Medulla | The base of the brain stem; controls heartbeat and breathing |  | 22 |
| 2917257443 | Reticular Formation | A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal (consciousness) | 23 | |
| 2917265378 | Cerebellum | "Little brain" that coordinates movement and balance | 24 | |
| 2917988872 | Amygdala | Two neural clusters in the limbic system that are linked to emotion |  | 25 |
| 2917990000 | Hypothalamus | Neural structure that controls maintenance activities like eating, drinking, and body temp |  | 26 |
| 2917992147 | Cerebral Cortex | The brain's information processing center made of interconnected neural cells that covers both hemispheres of the brain |  | 27 |
| 2917993820 | Frontal Lobes | Part of cerebral cortex in the front of the brain involving planning and judgement (contains the motor cortex) |  | 28 |
| 2917995266 | Parietal Lobes | Part of the cerebral cortex on top of the head that controls the sense (includes the sensory cortex) |  | 29 |
| 2917995755 | Occipital Lobes | Part of the cerebral cortex in the back of the head and controls vision |  | 30 |
| 2917996317 | Temporal Lobes | Part of the cerebral cortex lying above the ears that includes auditory areas |  | 31 |
| 2917998727 | Broca's Area | Part of the brain in the frontal lobe that controls language expression (speech) |  | 32 |
| 2917999660 | Wernicke's Area | Part of the brain in the left temporal lobe that controls languages reception (comprehension and expression) |  | 33 |
| 2918002125 | Plasticity | The brain's capacity for modification/Ability to reorganize neural pathways | 34 | |
| 2918003280 | Corpus Callosum | Large band of nerves in the middle of the brain that connects the two hemispheres together and carries messages between them |  | 35 |