anatomy and physiology chapter 2 quiz 1 Flashcards

1535434119	Matter	Is composed of atoms containing protons, neutrons, and electrons	0
1535434120	Atomic number	Number of protons	1
1535434121	Atomic mass	Number of protons plus neutrons	2
1535434122	Protons	Positively charged	3
1535434123	Neutrons	No electrical charge	4
1535434124	Electrons	Negatively charged	5
1535434125	Isotopes	Atoms with additional or missing neutrons	6
1535434126	Covalent bond	Atoms share electrons	7
1535434127	Ionic bond	Atoms give up and receive electrons	8
1535434128	Ions	Charged atoms	9
1535434129	Electrolytes	Ions in solution	10
1535434130	Water	Carries out 5 vital functions: ions in a solution, lubricant, chemical reactions, transportation, and regulation	11
1535434131	Solution	Composed of a solute dissolved in a solvent	12
1535434132	Concentration	The amount of solute to solvent	13
1535434133	Hypertonic	More concentrated	14
1535434134	Isotonic	Same concentration	15
1535434135	Hypotonic	Less concentrated	16
1535434136	Acids	Donors	17
1535434137	Bases	Accept ions	18
1535434138	pH scale	Measure acidity and alkalinity	19
1535434139	Organic molecules	Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids	20
1535434140	Carbohydrates	Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen	21
1535434141	Primary source	Nutrient energy	22
1535586800	Monosaccharides	Simple sugars	23
1535586801	Disaccharides	Chemically combining 2 or more Monosaccharides	24
1535586802	Polysaccharides	Chemically combining many Monosaccharides	25
1535586803	Glycogen	Animal carbohydrate storage	26
1535586804	Starch	Plant carbohydrate storage	27
1535586805	Lipids	Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen	28
1535586806	C atoms	Backbone	29
1535586807	Building blocks	Often glycerol and fatty acids	30
1535586808	Amino acids	Building units	31
1535586809	Polypeptides	Long strings of amino acids	32
1535586810	Functional proteins	Polypeptides folding	33
1535586811	Nucleic acids	Deoxyribonucleic (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)	34
1535586812	Nucleotides	Building blocks	35
1535586813	Triplets	Nucleotides arranged in three-letter sequences	36
1535586814	Genetic code	Determined by triplets	37
1535586815	Gene code	Instructions	38
1535586816	Molecules	Must come together to react	39
1535586817	Metabolism	Total of chemical reactions	40
1535586818	Reactions happens faster	Catalyst or increased speed or concentration	41
1535586819	Cellular respiration	One of the most important chemical reactions in the body	42
1535586820	Atp	Usable form of energy	43
1535586821	Organelles	Suspended within the cell in a fluid called cytoplasm	44
1535586822	Cell membrane	Organelle that Gives structure to the cell and regulates what may come or go	45
1535586823	Nucleus	Organelle that Houses dna	46
1535586824	Mitochondria	Organelles that perform Cellular respiration and process the energy to atp	47
1535586825	Ribosomes	Organelles that assemble proteins	48
1535586826	Endoplasmic reticulum	An extension of the nuclear membrane	49
1535586827	Rough ER	Site of protein synthesis	50
1535586828	Smooth ER	Lipid synthesis	51
1535586829	Golgi complexes	Packaging Center	52
1535586830	Secretory vesicles	Carries materials from the golgi complex to the cell membrane	53
1535586831	Lysosomes	Membrane-bound packages of digestive enzymes	54
1535586832	Bilayer, cholesterol, proteins	Cell membrane	55
1535586833	Where are proteins found	Attached to or embedded in the phospholipid layers	56
1535586834	Channels	Passageways for transport in and out of the cell	57
1535586835	Receptors	Enzymes and hormones	58
1535586836	Functions of cell membrane	Structure, define and regulate	59
1535586837	Passive transport	Moves from high to low with no energy	60
1535586838	Methods of passive transport	Filtration, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis	61
1535586839	Filtration	Forces smaller molecules in a solution due to greater hydrostatic pressure on one side	62
1536205398	Simple diffusion	Net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration	63
1536205399	Facilitated	Special type of diffusion for molecules that cannot diffuse directly through cell membrane	64
1536205400	Osmosis	Diffusion of water	65
1536205401	Active transport	Moves material requires energy, and performs as sodium potassium pump	66
1536205402	Bulk transport	Moves large quantities	67
1536205403	Endocytosis	Into the cell	68
1536205404	Exocytosis	Out of cell	69
1536205405	Protein synthesis	Transcription and translation	70
1536205406	Transcription	In nucleus and produce mRNA	71
1536205407	Translation	In ribosome, tRNA	72
1536205408	Golgi complex	Packaging center	73
1536205409	Mitosis	Prophase,metaphase, anaphase, and telophase	74
1536205410	Mutation	Changing the dna	75
1536205411	Telomeres	Noncoding strings of nucleotides at the end of Nucleotides	76