Hole's Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 5: Tissues Flashcards
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| 2858086869 | tissues | Similar cells with a common function are called _____ | 0 | |
| 2858088587 | blood | Some tissues have cells separated by fluid-filled spaces _____ | 1 | |
| 2858091534 | tightly packed together | Most tissues are ____ | 2 | |
| 2858092292 | histology | The study of tissues is called _____ | 3 | |
| 2858094943 | There are four primary or major tissue types | -epithelial tissue -connective tissue -muscle tissue -nervous tissue | 4 | |
| 2858097402 | Intercellular junctions | structures that connect the cell membrane | 5 | |
| 2858098350 | Tight junction | -close space between cells -located among cells that form linings | 6 | |
| 2858109059 | Desomosomes | -form "spot welds" between the cells -located among outer skin cells | 7 | |
| 2858111229 | Gap junction | -tubular channels between cells -located in cardiac muscle cells | 8 | |
| 2858114192 | Blood-brain barrier | shields brain tissue from toxins and biochemical flucations | 9 | |
| 2858118569 | selective drug delivery | Blood brain allows _____ | 10 | |
| 2858120867 | therapeutic medications | Blood brain prevents passage of many ______ | 11 | |
| 2858147397 | Nanatechnology | delivery system masks the part of the drug that cannot cross the barrier. | 12 | |
| 2858151147 | Examples of nanotechnlogy | anesthetics or chemotherapeutics loaded into liposomes that and place into nanoparticles | 13 | |
| 2858156661 | Epithelial tissues | -cover organs and body surface/lines cavities and hollow organs -have a free surface on one side and basement membrane on other -usually lack blood vessels -cells readily divide -cells are tightly packed | 14 | |
| 2858164634 | Epithelial tissues are classified according | to cell shape and number of cell layers | 15 | |
| 2858166492 | Epithelial tissue shapes | -squamous (flat) -cuboidal (cube shaped) -columnar (tall) | 16 | |
| 2858170775 | Epithelial tissue layers | -simple (one layer of cells) -stratified (more than one layer of cells) | 17 | |
| 2858173270 | Simple squamous | single layer of flat cells | 18 | |
| 2858174227 | Simple squamous | -substances pass easily through -lines air sacs -lines blood vessels -lines lymphatic vessels | 19 | |
| 2858177097 | Simple cuboidal | single layer of cube-shaped cells | 20 | |
| 2858178807 | Simple cuboidal | -lines kidney tubules -covers the ovaries -lines ducts of some glands -secretes, absorbs | 21 | |
| 2858183214 | Simple columnar | single layer of elongated cells | 22 | |
| 2858184730 | Simple columnar | -nuclei usually near the basement -membrane at same level -sometimes possesses cilia -sometime possesses microvilli -often has goblet cells (secrete mucus) -lines uterus, stomach, intestines | 23 | |
| 2858287091 | Pseudostratified columnar | -single layer of elongated cells -nuclei at two or more levels giving the appearance of being stratified -often has cilia -often has goblet cells -lines respiratory passageways | 24 | |
| 2858302547 | Stratified squamous | -many cell layers -top cells are flat -can accumulate keratin -outer layer of skin -lines the oral cavity, vagina, and anal canal | 25 | |
| 2858307342 | Stratified cuboidal | -2-3 layers -cube-shaped cells -lines ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and the pancreas | 26 | |
| 2858310369 | Stratified columnar | -top layer of elongated cells -cube-shape cells in deeper layer -lines part of male urethra and part of pharynx | 27 | |
| 2858316480 | Transitional | -many cell layers -cube-shaped and elongated cells -lines urinary bladder, ureters, and part of urethra | 28 | |
| 2858322041 | Glandular epithelium | compose of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances | 29 | |
| 2858325393 | There are two types of glandular epithelium | -endocrine glands -exocrine glands | 30 | |
| 2858326524 | Endocrine glands | secrete into tissue fluid or blood | 31 | |
| 2858327583 | Exocrine glands | secrete into ducts | 32 | |
| 2858329902 | Unicellular | -composed of one cell -goblet cell | 33 | |
| 2858331674 | Multicellular | -composed of many cells (sweat glands, salivary glands) -simple and compound | 34 | |
| 2858335651 | Types of glandular secretions | -merocrine glands -apocrine glands -holocrine glands | 35 | |
| 2858337890 | Merocrine glands | -fluid product -salivary glands -pancreas gland -sweat gland | 36 | |
| 2858340216 | Apocrine glands | -cellular product -portions of cells -mammary glands -ceruminous glands | 37 | |
| 2858342303 | Holocrine glands | -secretory products -whole cells -sebaceous glands | 38 | |
| 2858346617 | Connective tissues most abundant tissue type functions | -bind structures -provide support and protection -serve as frameworks -fill space -store fat -produce blood cells -protect against infections -help repair tissue damage | 39 | |
| 2858353211 | protein fibers and ground substance | Connective tissue have and extracellular matrix made of ______ | 40 | |
| 2858355993 | Connective tissues have | -varying degrees of vascularity -cells that usually divide | 41 | |
| 2858357587 | Fibroblasts | -fixed cell -most common cell -large, star-shaped -produce fibers | 42 | |
| 2858360312 | Mast cells | -fixed cell -release heparin -release histamine | 43 | |
| 2858361580 | Macrophages | -wandering cell -phagocytic -important in immunity and prevention of infection | 44 | |
| 2858364889 | Connective tissue fibers | -collagenous fibers -reticular fibers -elastic fibers | 45 | |
| 2858368010 | Collagenous fibers | -thick -composed of collagen -great tensile strength -abundant in dense Connective Tissue -hold structures together -appear white in appearance/abundance | 46 | |
| 2858371646 | Reticular fibers | -very thin collagenous fibers -highly branched -form delicate supportive networks | 47 | |
| 2858375042 | Elastic fibers | -Bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin -fibers branch -elastic -appear yellow in appearance/abundance | 48 | |
| 2858382715 | Chondrodyspalsia | stunted growth, deformed joints | 49 | |
| 2858385630 | Marfan syndrome | long limbs, sunken chest, spindly fingers, weakened aorta | 50 | |
| 2858387705 | Stickler syndrome | joint pain, degeneration of retina | 51 | |
| 2858390655 | Connective tissue proper two types | -loose connective tissue -dense connective tissue | 52 | |
| 2858391381 | Loose connective tissue | -areolar -adipose -reticular | 53 | |
| 2858392645 | Dense connective tissue | -dense regular -dense irregular -elastic | 54 | |
| 2858395540 | Specialized connective tissue | -cartilage -bone -blood | 55 | |
| 2858397578 | Areolar connective tissue | -mainly fibroblast -gel-like ground substance -elastic fibers | 56 | |
| 2858401565 | Areolar connective tissue | -binds skin to structures -beneath most epithelia (contains blood vessels nourish nearby epithelial cells) | 57 | |
| 2858407657 | Adipose connective tissue functions | -adipocytes -cushions -insulates -stores fat | 58 | |
| 2858410338 | Adipose connective tissue | -beneath skin -behind eyeballs -around kidneys and heart -between muscles | 59 | |
| 2858413475 | Reticular connective tissue | -composed of reticular fibers -provides the framework of the lymphatic tissues (spleen, liver, and lymph nodes) | 60 | |
| 2858416743 | Dense regular connective tissues | -closely packed collagenous fibers (elastic fibers, fibroblasts) -very strong -binds body parts together -tendons, ligament, dermis -poor blood supply, slow to heal | 61 | |
| 2858425265 | Dense irregular connective tissues | -randomly organized, thick, interwoven collagenous fibers -dermis of skin -around skeletal muscles | 62 | |
| 2858427638 | Elastic connective tissue | -abundant in elastic fibers -some collagernous fibers -fibroblasts -attachments between bones -walls of large arteries, airways, heart | 63 | |
| 2858433944 | Cartliage | -rigid matrix containing gel-like ground substance -chodrocytes in lacunae -poor blood supply -covered by perichondrium | 64 | |
| 2858439172 | Three types of cartilage | -hyaline cartilage -elastic cartilage -fribrocartilage | 65 | |
| 2858442815 | Hyaline cartilage | -most common cartilage -very fine collagenous fibers in the extracelluar matrix -ends of bones in many joints -soft part of the nose -supporting rings of respiratory passages -"growth plate" of bones -embryonic skeletone | 66 | |
| 2858453526 | fibers not visible matrix appears like glass | In hyaline cartilage | 67 | |
| 2858454600 | Fibrocartilage | -very tough -many collagenous fibers -shock absorber for structures subjected to pressure (intervertebral disc) (cushions bones in the knees and pelvic girdle) | 68 | |
| 2858461286 | Elastic cartilage | -dense network of elastic fibers in the matrix (very flexible) -external ears (pinna) -larynx (epiglottis) | 69 | |
| 2858466690 | Bone (osseous tissue) | -solid matrix -supports -protects -forms blood cells -attachment for muscles -skeleton -osteocytes in lacunae | 70 | |
| 2858472402 | Blood transport | gases, nutrients, wastes, and hormones | 71 | |
| 2858474929 | Blood defense | -WBC's -foreign pathogens -Platelets- bleeding (clotting) | 72 | |
| 2858476691 | Blood | -fluid matrix called plasma -red blood cells -white blood cells -platelets | 73 | |
| 2858479047 | Types of membrane | -serous membrane -mucous membrane -cutaneous membrane -synovial membrane | 74 | |
| 2858481695 | Serous membrane | -lines body cavities that do not open to the outside -reduce friction (inner lining of thorax and abdomen) (cover organs of thorax and abdomen) -secrete serous fluid | 75 | |
| 2858486633 | Mucous membranes | -line tubes and organs that open to outside of body (lining of digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reporductive tracts) | 76 | |
| 2858491094 | Cutaneous membranes | -cover body -skin | 77 | |
| 2858492397 | Synovial membranes | -compose entirely of connective tissue -lines joints | 78 | |
| 2858506745 | Muscle tissue | -also called muscle fibers -contactile | 79 | |
| 2858510172 | Three types of muscle tissue | -skeletal muscle -smooth muscle -cardiac muscle | 80 | |
| 2858512327 | Skeletal muscle | -attached to bones -striated -voluntary | 81 | |
| 2858513506 | Smooth muscle | -involuntary -non-striated -walls of organs -skin -walls of blood vessels | 82 | |
| 2858518353 | Cardiac muscle tissue | -heart wall -involuntary -striated -intercalated disc (gap junctions) | 83 | |
| 2858521412 | Nervous tissue | found in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves -(sensory reception) -(conduction of nerve impulses) | 84 | |
| 2858527852 | nerons | functional cells of nervous tissue | 85 | |
| 2858529814 | Neuroglial cells | support and bind nervous tissue components | 86 |