Classical Conditioning Flashcards

1579834290	behavioral psychology assumptions	1. most human behavior is learned, including abnormal or maladaptive behavior 2. therefore tx is to help unlearn bad behavior and learn more adaptive behavior 3. treatment approach is behavior modification	0
1579834291	associative learning	basis of behavior therapy, involves associating two different stimuli or events 1. classical conditioning 2. operant conditioning	1
1579834292	behaviorism	A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior	2
1579834293	classical conditioning	association of a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that naturally and involuntarily produces some physiological response	3
1579834294	operant conditioning	association of behavior and some stimulus that follows the behavior (a reinforcing or punishing consequence)	4
1579834295	john watson	paired loud noise with a white rat. eventually child became afraid of the white rat alone even without the noise	5
1579834296	abbreviations - US, UR, CS, CR	unconditioned stimulus unconditoned response conditioned stimulus conditioned response	6
1579834297	in pavlov's dogs experiment identify CS, US, CR, UR	CS - bell US - meat UR - salivation in response to meat CR - salivation in response to bell	7
1579834298	stimulus generalization	albert responded with fear to stimuli similar to the white mouse (white rabbit, cotton)	8
1579834299	extinction of a classically conditioned response	the conditioned stimulus-conditioned response bond will decay if the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus	9
1579834300	spontaneous recovery	following extinction, conditioned response may reappear if the conditioned stimulus is presented following a short delay	10
1579834301	stimulus discrimination	through trial and error the organism can learn to discriminate between similar stimuli, responding only to the conditioned stimuli	11
1579834302	psychoneuroimmunology	ader's rats: rats had lupus, administer immunosupprssors with sweet water. eventually the sweet water will cause immunosuppression	12
1579834303	anticipatory immunosuppression	ppl undergoing chemo with immunosuppressive drugs will eventually show immunosuppression just by being in the hospital, even before drug administration	13
1579834304	bell and pad	use an alarm when pt feels they have a full bladder, meant to treat nocturnal enuresis	14
1579834305	conditioning and drugs	sights, smells, sounds, situations become asc w the drug. these stimuli become asc w direct physiological effects of the drug - 'conditioned euphoria' take drugs in a bathroom stall -> bathroom stalls make you mildly euphoric - Chalres O'Brien	15
1579834306	classical conditioning of drug-opposite effects	some drugs will cause the body to compensate, asc stimuli will cause compensation not the drug effect	16
1579834307	Siegel's conditioned tolerance study	Lower mortality from morphine overdose among animals that demonstrated 'conditioned tolerance' - through classical conditioning, their bodies were 'warned' by environmental CSs that the drug was coming, resulting in earlier onset of compensatory physical responses (CRs).	17
1579834308	conditioned tolerance in heroin addicts	Siegel further speculates that when the heroin addict is exposed to such CSs in the absence of the drug, these compensatory CRs tend to be experienced as unpleasant withdrawal-like symptoms, making it more likely that the individual will use the drug to alleviate them.	18
1579834309	O'Brien's conditioned withdrawal study	He waved spearmint fragrance (which was originally a neutral stimulus) under the noses of individuals experiencing methadone withdrawal. Days later,when the pts were no longer in withdrawal, he exposed them to the spearmint smell (which now served as a CS), and observed withdrawal-like symptoms (CR)	19
1579834310	implications of these studies for drug treatment	conditioned stimuli asc w drug use play a significant role in continued use, craving and relapse. therefore tx based on extinction -> help break the learned asc btwn the environment stimuli and drug use	20
1579834311	classical extinction in substance abuse treatment		21
1579834312	classical conditioning in anxiety disorders	contribute to development and treatment	22
1579834313	classical conditioning in phobias	asc a neutral stimulus with fear. leads to avoidance behavior which reduces anxiety. avoidance behavior is subsequently maintained through operant conditioning	23
1579834314	phobias not always acquired through fear producing unconditioned stimuli	some are acquired from vicarious learning or verbal report	24
1579834315	PTSD treatment	repeat exposure to fear provoking stimuli, traumatized person is encouraged to recall events asc w the trauma which leads to reduction in the anxiety asc w the memory of the original event	25
1579834316	placebo responding	expectation of improvement can actually help the outcome expectancy theory: the biological mechanisms responsible for turning expectation, thought, or belief into an agent of change within the cells, tissues, and organs of the human body. Research: Physicians who foster a sense of expectancy, hope, and optimism in their patients have better patient outcomes than those who do not do so, even when the medication/treatment used is the same.	26