Campbell Biology 10th Edition: Chapter 33 Flashcards

2397889302	invertebrates	animals that lack a backbone	0
2397891445	porifera	asymmetrical sponges, live in freshwater/marine habitats, simple and sessile organs	1
2397894804	suspension feeders	capture suspended food particles as water passes through their bodies	2
2397895728	porocytes	doughnut-shaped cells where the water enters through for suspension feeding	3
2397897640	spongocoel	large interior cavity	4
2397897641	osculum	large, common opening where water exits	5
2397898844	choanocytes	collar, flagellated cells; generate current; embedded in cell matrix (beat in unison to create current); trap food particles in collar cell	6
2397904157	amoebocytes	multi-functional cells; totipotent; wander through matrix; manufactures spicules and spongin. also can form gametes	7
2397905941	totipotent	can change form/function to complete a job	8
2397909371	matrix	gelationous region; mesohyl	9
2397911627	spicules and spongin	support structure made of fibrous protein	10
2397913891	hermaphrodites	each individual functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs	11
2397923063	cnidaria	hydras, jellyfish, sea anenomes; basal members of clade eumetazoa. diploblastic.	12
2397930676	gastrovascular cavity	single digestive compartment; single opening of combination mouth and anus	13
2397932907	two variations of cnidaria	polyp and medusa	14
2397932908	polyp	cylindrical, sessile forms	15
2397934505	medusa	flattened, bell-shaped, moves in water	16
2397943522	gastrodermis	surrounds gastrovascular cavity	17
2397944673	nerve net	allows coordinated contraction of bundled microfilaments	18
2397945542	nematocysts	cnidae with specialized stinging thread capable of injecting toxin	19
2397948505	cnidocytes	cells capable of inverting and exploding outward	20
2397950508	Medusozoans	both solitary and colonial forms in life; polyp is the dominant generation	21
2397967356	anthozoa	sea anemones and corals; can be solitary or colonial	22
2397973257	cnetophora	sea gooseberries and combjellies; diploblastic, radial symmetry; bioluminescent, tentacles lack stinging, but have adhesive cells; move by means of eight rows of ciliary combs	23
2397983093	platyhelminthes	flatworms; tripoblastic eumetozoan; bilaterally symmetrical; dorsally-ventrally flattened; can be free-living or parasitic; terrestrial, flatwater and marine	24
2397987946	acoelomate	flate shape increases surface area; places all cells either near environment or their gut. gas exchange can occur by diffusion across the body surface	25
2397989921	exoskeleton	external skeleton made of calcium carbonate	26
2398027997	protonephiridia	networks of branched tubules that maintain osmotic balance	27
2403895885	free-living rhabitophora	planarians	28
2403895886	planarians	mostly marine; use cilia or muscles to swim. light-sensing organs on head (cluster of ganglia), mouth at tip of muscular pharynx. adapt at regeneration, sexual hermaphrodites	29
2403900063	parasitic rhabitophora	trematodes and tapeworms	30
2403901427	trematodes	sexual/asexual lifecycle with numerous hosts, requires invertebrate intermediate host before reproducing in final host, use two suckers to adhere to host, tough epidermis protects parasite from host defenses	31
2403907452	tapeworms	attacks vertebrates, lacks gastrovascular cavity, has scolex and proglottids	32
2403909805	scolex	structure on anterior end (armed with hooks and suckers)	33
2403910839	proglottids	sacs of reproductive organs	34
2403912538	rotifera	freshwater, marine, and damp soil. have an alimentary canal, parthenogenesis, wheel-bearer, psuedocoelomate, tripoblastic eumatozoan	35
2403916117	alimentary canal	allows stepwise digestion of food; one way system with two openings for entering nutrients and passing waste	36
2403917679	wheel-bearer	crown of cilia and anterior end that draws water into mouth	37
2403918547	parthenogenesis	form of asexual reproduction	38
2403919324	mollusca	chitins, snails, slugs, clams, octopi, and squid. protected by calcium carbonate shell (some have reduced or absent shell)	39
2403921723	muscular foot	used for movement	40
2403922280	visceral mass	bulk of body	41
2403922281	mantel	outer covering of soft body component	42
2403923433	nephridium	excretory organs	43
2403924072	radula	hooks/barbs to pull in food, can scrape algae apart	44
2403924858	open circulatory system	fluid called "hemolymph" is propelled by a heart through short arteries and then into spaces surrounding the tissues and organs	45
2403925690	chitins	eight plates on dorsal side, ventral side is primarily large muscular foot, radula is used to scrape algae of rocks	46
2403928643	gastropoda	snails/slugs. eyes at end of tentacles, use muscular foot to move, radula is used for grazing, use of torsion is in effect	47
2403932607	torsion	during embryonic development, the visceral mass rotates 180 degrees, twisting the body mass to allow easy digestive track	48
2403934358	bivalvia	clams, oysters, mussels, scallops. hinged shell with adductor muscles. lack head and radula. gills are used for feeding and respiration	49
2403938762	cephalopoda	octopi, squid, nautilus. active predators, mantle covers visceral mass, foot modified into siphon and tentacles, closed circulatory system, well-developed senses with complex brain	50
2403943632	closed circulatory system	blood remains separate from fluid in the body cavity	51
2403944325	siphon	modified from foot	52
2403944326	annelida	errantians and sedentarians. worms with a segmented body series with fused rings (coelom is partitioned by septa), each segment has a layer of longitudional muscles surrounded by circular muscle. some have hemoglobin	53
2403951722	metanephridia	excretory organs located on each segment	54
2403953332	errantians	marine annelids, parapodia on each segment (with several chatae), unique cephalic senstory organs and jaws. highly vascularized with passive transport	55
2403958985	chaetae	chitinous bristles, help with locomotion	56
2403961628	parapodia	paddle-like structures that are the primary function with locomotion	57
2403964081	sedentarians	plume worms, earthworms, leeches. may or may not have chaetae, parapodia. clitellum may be present.	58
2406979240	nematocytes	specialized cnidae, contain a stinging thread that can penetrate the body wall of the prey	59
2407332602	protonephridia	networks of tubules with ciliated structures called flame bulbs that pull fluid through branched ducts opening to the outside	60
2407355895	intermediate host	characteristic of trematodes, requires an invertebrate as a pit stop before infecting a host where reproduction occurs	61
2407360191	final host	where a parasite (such as a trematode) reproduces in a vertebrate body	62
2407364752	lophophore	a crown of ciliated tentacles that function in feeding	63
2407384582	adductor muscles	in bivalves, the halves are drawn tightly together to protect the animal's soft body	64
2407393101	longitudinal muscle	coordinates with circular muscle to facilitate movement in annelids	65
2407398412	circular muscle	coordinates with longitudinal muscle to facilitate movement in annelids	66
2407404423	seta/chaeta	chitinous bristles, function in movement	67
2408712786	cuticle	tough external coat; used in ecdysozoans. shed during molting/ecdysis	68
2408717616	molting	shedding the cuticle in order to facilitate extended growth	69
2434438614	clitellum	secretes mucus, used for reproduction	70
2434440170	ecdysozoans	nematoda and arthropoda	71
2434443694	nematoda	round worms; pseudocoelomate. exclusively longitudinal muscle result in thrashing movement. causes elephantiasis, lack circulatory system. not segmented.	72
2434538472	arthropoda	coelomate, open circulatory system with segmented bodies (cephalothorax holding sensory organs/legs), chitinous exoskeleton with two unusual Hox genes (involved in controlling segmentation)..	73
2434544291	arthropoda lineages	chelicerates, myriapods, pancrustaceans (hexapods), and pancrustaceans (crustaceans)	74
2434546133	chelicerates	horseshoe crab, arachnids, euryterids, sea spiders. claw-like feeding appendages with pedipalps. two body segments, lack antennae. simple eyes. chemiosensors are in leg bristles	75
2434551462	pedipalps	leg-like structures, used for feeding	76
2439197585	myriapoda	millipedes/centipedes. jaw-like mandibles, numerous body segments.	77
2451695817	pancrustae: hexapoda	most diverse, three body segments with flight adaptations. courtship rituals, distinct pollinators	78
2451703522	pancrustae: crustacea	ostracods, barnacles, daphnea, walking legs on thorax. two pairs of antennae	79
2451740318	echinodermata	sessile, pentamerous symmetry. has a water vascular system. endoskeleton made of hard calcareous plates. madreporite, tube feet, dioecious.	80
2451757676	water vascular system	network of hydraulic channels branch into extension exit poits	81
2451760542	tube feet	extensions leading to exit points. used with locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange	82
2451763301	dioecious	bilateral larva develop into adult through a metamorphic process (madreporite is off center)	83
2451802051	asteroidea	sea stars and sea daisies, five (+) arms radiating from central disk. tube feet in undersurface that act like suction disks. capable of regeneration	84
2451805948	echinodea	sea urchins and sand dollars, five rows of tube feet (functions in slow movement). have muscles so they can use their long spine which aids in movement. complex jaws (adapted for seaweed)	85
2451811762	holothuroidea	sea cucumbers, lack spines (endoskeleton much reduced). five rows of small tube feet (pentamorous symmetry), some modified into tentacles which surround the mouth	86