Biological Molecules Flashcards

Biology Concepts and Connections 5th Edition

1853728131	Hydrophilic	Attracts water molecules	0
1853728132	Hydrophobic	Avoids water molecules	1
1853728133	Monomer	A chemical part that serves as a building block of a polymer	2
1853728134	Polymer	A compound consisting of repeated linked monomers.	3
1853805147	Dehydration synthesis reaction	A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.	4
1853728136	Hydrolysis	Process that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; Disassembles polymers to monomers.	5
1853728137	Carbohydrates	Sugars and starches	6
1853728138	Monosaccharide	A monomer; a single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.	7
1853728139	Disaccharide	Polymers; a double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.	8
1853728140	Polysaccharide	Polymers; made up of more than two monosaccharides; joined by dehydration synthesis. Examples: starch, glycogen, and cellulose.	9
1853728141	Lipids	Fats, oils, and waxes.	10
1853728142	Triglyceride	3 fatty acids attached to glycerol	11
1853728143	Protein	Polymer made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.	12
1853728144	Amino acid	Monomers of protein; 20 different amino acids.	13
2927072982	Enzyme	A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing	14
2927363716	Substrate	reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction	15
2927370484	Active Site	Region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits.	16
2927367013	Enzyme - Substrate Complex	When the enzyme and substrate are combined	17
2927074798	Catalyst	A substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction and speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. See: Enzyme.	18
1853728145	Denaturation	A change in the structure and function of a protein	19
1853728146	Nucleic acids	Polymers; DNA and RNA	20
1853728147	Nucleotides	Monomers of DNA and RNA; composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous bases	21