Chapter 15 (1861-1865): Crucible of Freedom: Civil War Mobilizing For War -Both North and South were unprepared for war. -North had a small army of sixteen thousand men, mostly in the West. -One-third of the Union officers resigned to join the Confederacy. -No strong president since James Polk and Lincoln was viewed as a ?yokel? -Union -The federal government had levied no direct tax structure -Never imposed a draft. -Confederacy -No tax structure -No navy -Two tiny gunpowder factories -Poorly equipped -Unconnected railroad lines. -Recruitment and Conscription -Largest army organization created in America -2 million in Union -800,000 in Confederate -Recruitment depended on local efforts than national or state.