Campbell Biology: 9th Edition (Chapter 33) Flashcards

1744601627	Invertebrates	Animals without backbone	0
1744602521	Sponges	Sessile animals that lack true tissues.	1
1744603125	Suspension feeders	Trap particles that pass through the internal channels of their body (e.g sponges)	2
1744604793	Cnidaria	Includes corals, jellies and hydras. Have dipoblastic, radially symmetrical body plan that includes gastrovascular cavity with a single opening (serves as anus and mouth)	3
1744605367	Acoel flatworms	Have simple nervous system and a saclike gut.	4
1744606166	Acoela	A separate lineage that diverged before the three main bilaterian clades	5
1744607763	Trichoplax adhaerens	Only species in phylum Placozoa. Can reproduce by dividing into two individuals or by budding off many multicellular individuals.	6
1744610150	Ctenophores	Diploblastic and radially symmetrical like cnidarians, suggesting that both phyla diverged from other animals very early.	7
1744612471	Lophotrochozoans	Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Acanthocephala, Cycliophora, Nemertea, Annelida, Mollusca	8
1744615648	Flatworms	Have bilateral symmetry and a central nervous system that processes information from sensory structures. Have no body cavity or organs for circulation	9
1744616241	Ectoprocts	Live a sessile colonies and are covered by a tough exoskeleton	10
1744616960	Rotifers	Have specialized organ systems, including an alimentary canal.	11
1744617367	Alimentary canal	A digestive tract with a mouth and an anus.	12
1744618648	Brachiopods	Have a unique stalk that anchors them to their substrate, as well as a crown of cilia called a lophophore.	13
1744620595	Acanthocephalans	Called spiny-headed worms because of the curved hooks on the proboscis at the anterior end of their body.	14
1744621586	Nemerteans	Swim through water or burrow in sand, extending a unique proboscis to capture prey.	15
1744622652	Annelids	Distinguished from other worms by their body segmentation.	16
1744623655	Molluscs	Have a soft body that in many species is protected by a hard shell.	17
1744627807	Ecdysozoa	Loricifera, Priapula, Onychopora, Nematoda, Tardigrada, Arthropoda.	18
1744629021	Loriciferans	Tiny animals that inhabit the deep-sea bottom.	19
1744630302	Priapulans	Are worms with a large, rounded proboscis at the anterior end.	20
1744631403	Onychophorans	Also called velvet worms, originated during the Cambrian explosion.	21
1744633075	Nematodes	Have a tough cuticle that coats the body. Enormously abundant and diverse in the soil and in aquatic habitats.	22
1744635655	Tardigrades	Sometimes called water bears for their rounded shape, stubby appendages, and lumbering bearlike gait.	23
1744636703	Arthropods	Have a segmented exoskeleton and jointed appendages.	24
1744637599	Deuterostomia	Hemichordata, Chordata, Echinodermata	25
1744639331	Hemichordates	Have gill slits and a dorsal nerve cord.	26
1744643538	Echinoderms	Are marine animals in the deuterostome clade that are bilaterally symmetrical as larvae but not as adults. They move and feed by using a network of internal canals to pump water to different parts of their body.	27
1744643539	Suspension feeders	Capture food particles suspended in the water that passes through their body.	28
1744644511	Spongocoel	Pores of a central cavity.	29
1744644819	Osculum	Larger opening that the spongocoel.	30
1744646889	Choanocytes	Finger-like projections that form a "collar" around the flagellum.	31
1744648466	Mesohyl	Gelatinous region that separates the two layers of cells of a sponge.	32
1744650328	Amoebocytes	Named for their use of pseudopodia. These cells move through the mesohyl have many functions.	33
1744663888	Nematocysts	Contain a stinging thread that can penetrate the body wall of the cnidarian's prey.	34
1744666717	Hermaphrodites	Functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing sperm and eggs.	35
1744666718	Gastrovascular cavity	A sac with a central digestive compartment	36
1744666719	Polyps	Cylindrical forms that adhere to the substrate by the aboral end of their body and extend their tentacles to wait for prey.	37
1744666720	Medusa	Moves freely in the water by a combination of passive drifting and contractions of its bell-shaped body.	38
1744666721	Cnidocytes	Cells unique to cnidarians that function in defense and prey capture.	39
1744666722	Cnidae	Capsule-like organelles that are capable of exploding outward.	40
1744666723	Hydra	Reproduces asexually by budding, forming outgrowths that pinch off from the parent and live independently.	41
1744668917	Scyphozoans	Their predominant stage in their life cycle is the medusa.	42
1744670500	Cubozoans	Have a box-staged medusa stage.	43
1744670921	Anthozoans	Occur only as polyps.	44
1744672560	Lophophore	A crown of ciliated tentacles that functions in feeding.	45
1744673893	Flatworms	Have thin bodies that are flattened dorsoventrally. Acoelomates	46
1744981102	Protonephridia	Networks of tubules with ciliated structures called flame bulbs that pull fluid through branched ducts opening to the outside.	47
1744981103	Planarians	Prey on smaller animals or feed on dead animals. Can reproduce asexually through fission.	48
1744981104	Trematodes	Parasitize a wide range of hosts, and most species have complex life cycles with alternating sexual and asexual stages.	49
1744981105	Tapeworms	Lack a mouth and gastrovascular cavity; they simply absorb nutrients released by digestion in the host's intestine.	50
1744981106	Rotifers	Tiny animals that inhabit freshwater, marine, and damp soil habitats.	51
1744981107	Alimentary canal	A digestive tube with two openings, a mouth and an anus.	52
1744981108	Parthenogenesis	Consist only of females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs.	53
1744981109	Ectoprocts	Colonial animals that superficially resemble clumps of moss.	54
1744981110	Exoskeleton	External skeleton studded with pores through which the lophophores extend.	55
1744981111	Brachiopods	Superficially resemble clams and other hinge-shelled molluscs.	56
1744981112	Molluscs	Soft-bodied and secrete a hard protective shell made of calcium carbonate.	57
1744981113	Muscular foot	Usually used for movement.	58
1744981114	Visceral mass	Containing most of the internal organs.	59
1744981115	Mantle	Fold of tissue that drapes over the visceral mass and secretes a shell.	60
1744981116	Mantle cavity	Houses the gills, anus and excretory pores.	61
1744981117	Radula	A straplike organ used to scrape food.	62
1744981118	Chitons	Have an oval-shaped body and a shell composed of eight dorsal plates.	63
1744981119	Gastropods	Most are marine but there are also freshwater species.	64
1744981120	Torsion	A distinctive developmental process in which the visceral mass rotates up to 180 degrees, causing the animal's anus and mantle cavity to wind up above its head.	65
1744981121	Bivalves	Have a shell divided into two halves. Have no distinct head, and the radula has been lost. Some have eyes and sensory tentacles along the outer edge of their mantle.	66
1744981122	Cephalopods	They use their tentacles to grasp prey, which then they bite with beak-like jaws and immobilize with a poison present in their saliva. They are molluscs with closed circulatory system.	67
1744981123	Closed circulatory system	The blood remains separate from fluid in the body cavity.	68
1744981124	Parapodia	A pair of paddle-like or ridge-like structures that function in locomotion.	69
1744981125	Oligochaetes	Named for their relatively sparse chaetae.	70
1744981126	Earthworms	Eat their way through the soil, extracting nutrients as the soil passes through the alimentary canal.	71
1744981127	Leeches	Predators that feed on other invertebrates, but some are parasites that suck blood by attaching temporarily to other animals including humans.	72
1744981128	Cuticle	Tough external coat.	73
1744981129	Nematodes	Found in most aquatic habitats, in the soil, and in the moist tissue of plants.	74
1744981130	Arthropods	Have segmented bodies, hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages.	75
1744981131	Open circulatory system	Fluid called hemolymph is propelled by a heart through short arteries and then into spaces called sinuses surrounding the tissues and organs.	76
1744981132	Chelicerates	Have an anterior cephalothorax and a posterior abdomen. They lack antennae and most have simple eyes.	77
1744981133	Eurypgerids	Known as water scorpions.	78
1744981134	Arachnids	Includes scorpions, spiders, ticks, and mites.	79
1744981135	Book lungs	Stacked platelike structures contained in an internal chamber.	80
1744981136	Myriapods	Millipedes and centipedes belong to this phylum.	81
1744981137	Insects	They live in almost every terrestrial habitat and in fresh water, and flying insects fill the air.	82
1744981138	Isopods	Include terrestrial, freshwater and marine species.	83
1744981139	Decapods	Lobsters, crayfishes, crabs and shrimps are all relatively large crustaceans called..	84
1744981140	Copepods	Grazers that feed upon algae, while others are predators that eat small animals.	85
1744981141	Water vascular system	A network a of hydraulic canals branching into extensions called tube feet	86
1744981142	Tube feet	Function in locomotion and feeding.	87
1744981143	Asteroidea	Sea star and sea daisy	88
1744981144	Ophiuroidea	Brittle star.	89
1744981145	Echinoidea	Sea urchin and sand dollar	90
1744981146	Crinoidea	Sea lily and feather star	91
1744981147	Holothuroidea	Sea cucumber.	92