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DAT Biology (Chapter 1 - Chemistry) Flashcards

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2596905351Water is the universal ______solvent0
2596906724Water has a high _____heat capacity1
2596911216Heat capacity is ______the degreee to which a substance changes temperature in response to a gain or loss of heat2
2596915277Water _____ when it freezesExpands3
2596924812_____ is the attraction between like substancesCohesion4
2596929083The strong cohesion of water produces _____high surface tension5
2596932630_____ is the attraction between unlike substancesadhesion6
2596936906Adhesion is responsible for what biological phenomenon?Capillary action7
2596941830Carbon has a valence of ____48
2596960528Glucose comes in two forms ...Alpha and beta9
2596963729Fructose is different from glucose in that ____It has a 5 membered ring with two CH2's coming off10
2596973866Sugar bonds are called _____glycosidic linkages11
2596978779Glucose + fructose =sucrose12
2596978780glucose + galactose =lactose13
2596979696glucose + glucose =maltose14
2596980915Carbohydrates are linked via ______dehydration condensation15
2596984841Starch contains what type of glucose ? F(x)?alpha / energy storage in plants16
2596988719Glyocgen is _____ . f(x)?branched alpha glucose / energy storage in animals17
2597000219Cellulose contains what type of glucose? F(x)?Beta / structura molecule in plant cell walls18
2597010825_____ bonds are the only type of glycosidic linkage that can be broken by humansalpha19
2597012633_____ bonds must be broken down by specialized organismsbeta20
2597018641triglycerides are made up of _____glycerol and 3 fatty acids21
2597024063Saturated / monounsaturated / polyunsaturatedno DBs / 1 DB / many DBs22
2597029517A phospholipid is said to be _______amphipathic23
2597036848Structural protein examples (3)keratin, collagen, silk24
2597040570Storage protein examples (3)casein, ovalbumin, zein25
2597043964Transport protein examples (2)Cell membrane proteins, hemoglobin26
2597045578Defensive protein examples (1)Antibodies27
2597046933Enzyme examples (1)Phosphodiesterase (throwback *****)28
2597050100Proteins are polymers of _____amino acids29
2597051779Bonds between proteins are called ____peptide bonds30
2597057474Amino acid structureAmino group, carboxyl group, central carbon with R group31
2597076713Primary structure of a proteinorder of amino acids held together by covalent bonds32
2597077466Secondary structure of a protein3D shape from hydrogen bonding33
2597082030Two types of secondary structurealpha helix, beta pleated sheets34
2597085520Tertiary structure of a proteinnoncovalent interactions stabilize the 3D shape by max favorable interactions and minimizing unfavorable interactions35
2597093143What causes globins to form?hydrophobic effect, most hydrophobic R groups move towards the center of the molecule36
2597115553Disulfide bonds are _____ bonds that form between two ____ amino acidscovalent, cysteine37
2597128148Quaternary structure of a proteinaggregates of tertiary proteins that come together38
2597133157Nucleic acids consist of ______a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar (ribose), phosphate39
2597139865Purines are ____double ringed - adenine and guanine40
2597140816pyrimidines are ________single ringed - thymine and cytosine41
2597155784DNA is _____antiparallel42
2597155785DNA runs from _____5' - 3'43
2597159353DNA contains ___ while RNA contains _____(2)Deoxyribose and thymine / Ribose and uracil44
2597163979RNA is usually _____single stranded45
2597168386Catabolism is _____breakdown of substances46
2597169531Anabolism is _____biosynthesis47
2597173281Energy needed for biological reaction to proceedActivation energy48
2597188811Enzymes are _____ specificSubstrate49
2597194059Enzymes catalyze reactions in ______both directions50
2597216723Enzymes are affected by ____ causing denaturationtemperature and pH51
2597219147Induced fit modelenzyme binds to substrate and the substrate changes the conformational equilibrium to fit said enzyme52
2597235001Cofactorsnon-protein molecules that assist enzymes53
2597237956HoloenzymeEnzyme with a cofactor attached54
2597241133______ are organic cofactors. f(x)?Coenzymes / donate or accept electrons55
2597244455Inorganic cofactor examples ____Iron and Magnesium56
2597246855ATP is a _____ assembled by _____Energy molecule, phosphorylation57
2597276216Allosteric effectors bind to the ____ of an enzymeactive site58
2597277739Competitive inhibition ____inhibitor binds to active site59
2597286864Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to _____allosteric site60
2597288692Cooperativity refers to _______an enzyme becoming more receptive to substrate after one molecule binds61
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