DAT Biology (Chapter 2 - Cell structure) Flashcards

2609511472	Plasma membrane	Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, glycoproteins, cholesterol etc..	0
2609523409	Fluid Mosaic Model	Scattered proteins within a flexible plasma membrane	1
2609528688	The plasma membrane is ________	selectively permeable	2
2609534497	Small non polar molecules permeability	Very permeable (O2 / hydrocarbons)	3
2609535378	Small polar molecules permeability	Permeable (H2O)	4
2609543017	Large polar/nonpolar permeability	Not permeable (Glucose)	5
2609543767	Ion permeability	Not permeable	6
2609546954	Channel proteins	Proteins function like hallway	7
2609548160	Ion channels	Ion specific passageways / Included gated ion channels in nerve muscles	8
2609553740	Porins	Channels that allow passage of certain ions and small polar molecules through the membrane	9
2609556669	Aquaporins	Dramatically increase the passage rate of H2O molecules	10
2609580939	Cholesterol increases ______ of cell membrane	rigidity / viscosity	11
2609582628	Cholesterol _____ itself inside of the cell membrane	Intercalates	12
2609584403	Nucleus is bounded by the _______	nuclear envelope	13
2609587682	Glycocalyx	carbohydrate coat that overs outer face of plasma membrane. Consists of glycolipids and glycoproteins	14
2609595705	Chromatin winds itself around globular ______ proteins	histone	15
2609598486	Globins aggregate together in DNA to form ______	nucleosomes	16
2609601285	Ribsome is composed of what two subunits	60s and 40s -------- total 80s	17
2609607946	Difference between lysosomes and peroxisomes	lysosomes contain digestive enxymes and break down waste, cellular debris, etc Peroxisomes break down Peroxide, toxic substances, and in plant modify by-products of photorespiration.	18
2609624597	Peroxisomes are called _____ in germinating seeds	Glyoxysomes	19
2609628204	Three types of protein fibers in cells	Microtubules, Intermediate filaments, microfilaments	20
2609630524	Microtubules are made of _____ and are involved in the _____	tubulin / spindle apparatus	21
2609635625	Microfilaments are made of the protein ______	actin	22
2609641675	Cilia and flagella are responsible for ______	cellular movement	23
2609642796	Cilia and flagella are made up of _______ in a _____ array	microtubules, 9+ 2	24
2609655813	Centrioles and basal bodies act as _____	microtubules organizing centers	25
2609657376	A pair of centrioles is enclosed in a ______	centrosome	26
2609660512	______ and Vesicles are fluid filled bodies	Vacuoles	27
2609663416	Central vacuoles exhibit ______ when filled, store ______ , and carry out _______ function	turgor, nutrients, lysosome	28
2609671548	Contractile vacuoles are only found in ______ and ________ out of the cell	proks, pump excess water out	29
2609690804	Smooth ER is responsible for _____ and also ______	lipid/hormone synthesis , breakdown of toxins	30
2609696518	In plants the cell wall consists of _______	cellulose	31
2609699423	In fungi the cell wall can consist of cellulose or ____	chitin	32
2609705382	Anchoring junctions are found in ______ and include ______	animals / desmosomes	33
2609710534	Tight junctions are found in ______ and are _______	animals digestive tracts / tightly stitched seems	34
2609714942	Communicating junctions transfer _____ or _____ signals	chemical or electrical	35
2609716721	Two kinds of communicating junctions	Gap junctions / plasmodesmata	36
2609721211	Gap junctions are narrow tunnels that have a protein called ______	connexins	37
2609725722	Plasmodesmata are found in _______	plant cells	38
2609727149	Animal cells have _____(3)	lysosomes, centrioles, cholesterol	39
2609728144	Plant cells have _____(3)	cell walls, chloroplasts, central vacuoles	40
2609733074	Prokaryotic ribosome is made up of the following subunits	50s 30s ------ 70s	41
2609741221	Cell walls of bacteria and cyanobacteria are constructed from ______	peptidoglycans	42
2609743907	Hypertonic	high solute outside	43
2609743908	Hypotonic	low solute outside	44
2609745948	Isotonic	same solute	45
2609750627	The diffusion of solutes is called _______	dialysis	46
2609753032	When too much water moves out of the cell _____ occurs	plasmolysis	47
2609757164	Countercurrent exchange is the process when _____	two regions that have bulk flow in opp directions	48
2609766933	Receptor mediated endocytosis is a form of _____ and specific molecules called ____ bind to the receptor forming a vessicle	pinocytosis, ligands	49
2609775979	Water flows ___	towards solute	50