Islam Flashcards

794545176	Monotheistic	One god.	0
794545177	Muslim	A person who practices Islam	1
794545178	Muslim meaining	one who submits	2
794545179	"Islam"	Submission to god	3
794545180	2 Stats of Islam	Practiced by more than a billion people worldwide; second largest religion after Christianity; four million Muslims live in the U.S.	4
794545181	Mohammed	A merchant in the city of Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia.	5
794545182	610AD	Mohammed had a divine revelation that he was one in a line of prophets stretching back to Abraham and Jesus.	6
794545183	Mohammed's mission	To spread god's word.	7
794545184	622AD	In his sermons, Mohammed spoke out against the rich taking advantage of the poor. This angered the wealthy, who exiled Mohammed from Mecca in 622AD.	8
794545185	Mohammed's journey from exile	For the next decade, he lived in Medina and amassed a large following. They marched on Mecca and reclaimed the city in 630AD.	9
794545186	Qur'an	The Islamic holy book, said to be handed down directly from Allah to Mohammed.	10
794545187	mosque	Muslim house of worship	11
794545188	Mosque design base	Mohammed's house in Medina	12
794545189	geometric designs	Islam forbids the imitation of gods work by depicting living things in religious art.	13
794545190	holy crier	Reminds people to pray 5 times a day. They kneel, facing the direction of Mecca, to worship.	14
794545191	five pillars of Islam	Give alms, or charity; pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj); prayer five times a day; fasting; no god but Allah	15
794545192	May 18, 1291AD	The Crusader stronghold of Acre fell, effectively ending the crusades	16
794545193	time most often associated with the Crusades	The eight wars that occurred between 1096AD-1291AD.	17
794545194	port city of Acre	It was the gateway to Jerusalem—a city sacred to Christians, Jews, and Muslims	18
794545195	Crusades begin	In 1095, Pope Urban declares that Christians must liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims.	19
794545196	Pope Urban's motivations	He wanted to unite warring, Europeans states by focusing their energy on a single enemy. Alexander united the Greek City States against a common enemy, the Persians	20
794545197	first crusade	In 1096, thousands, including many peasants, marched east, unclear of what exactly they should do. They become a mob and slaughter thousands as they travel through Europe. Many also die of disease.	21
794545198	May, 1099	The first crusaders reach Jerusalem.	22
794545199	crusaders study the fortified city of Jerusalem	They discover a weak spot in a flat area, attack, take the city in July 1099, and massacre the city's resident Jews and Muslims.	23
794545200	Saladin	A Muslim leader who unites his people against the Crusaders.	24
794545201	Vadim Jacob	Saladin's army wipes out Crusader's at work on a castle.	25
794545202	significance of Saladin's victory at Vadim Jacob	The Christians and Muslims sign a series of peace treaties.	26
794545203	jihad	A declaration of holy war for defensive purposes.	27
794545204	Skilled and experienced archers	Saladin's army advantage	28
794545205	"True Cross"	A holy relic that Christians believe contain pieces of the cross used in Jesus' crucifixion.	29
794545206	1188	Muslims recapture Jerusalem.	30
794545207	consequences of Saladin's victory	The Christians mount a new crusade with King Richard of England as its leader.	31
794545208	Portable towers, called Siege Towers.	What innovation does Richard employ to take the fort at Acre?	32
794545209	Saladin's slow response to negotiate	Why did King Richard order the slaughter of his Muslim prisoners?	33
794545210	offer in return for Jerusalem and the True Cross	He proposed that his sister marry a Muslim prince and jointly rule the city, but his plan failed when his sister refused.	34
794545211	September 2, 1192	Richard and Saladin agree to a peace treaty.	35
794545212	terms of Richard and Saladin's peace agreement	Acre remains in Christian hands; Jerusalem remains in Muslim control, but Saladin guarantees an open-door policy where all pilgrims are welcome to worship in the city.	36
794545213	1290AD	The peace is shattered when a new group of Crusaders arrive.	37
794545214	Mamalukes	Highly-trained and educated Muslim knights.	38
794545215	Ballista, or stone catapult shot.	With what weapon did the Mamalukes manage to capture the stronghold of Acre?	39
794545216	positive outcomes of the Crusades	Tolerance in the Holy Land; new trade and cultural growth	40
794545217	Suleiman the Magnificent	Sultan of one of the world's largest Muslim empires, he allowed conquered groups to keep their own religions	41
794545218	Ottoman Empire	A Muslim Empire centered in Constantinople, Turkey, which reached its peak in 1520AD-1566AD.	42
794545219	three of Suleiman's achievements	Patron of the arts; hired architects to build majestic structures; freed people who had been unjustly imprisoned; fired corrupt bureaucrats.	43
794545220	What made Suleiman's army so large?	Conquered Christians were made to give their male children to the Empire. They were then trained them to become skilled soldiers.	44
794545221	Why did Suleiman allow conquered people to keep their religion	He feared rebellion, so he allowed conquered people to worship as they pleased as long as they remained loyal to him	45
794545222	Suleiman's NICKNAME	"The lawgiver," because he wrote laws based on Islamic Sharia	46
794545223	end to Suleiman's empire	He was tricked into thinking his family was plotting to overthrow him; he responded by murdering hundreds he suspected of disloyalty. The empire was thus weakened from within.	47
794545224	What happened to Suleiman	He died during the siege of a Hungarian city.	48
794545225	Bronze cannon	technical achievement gave the Ottoman army an advantage	49
794545226	Afghanistan	Located in central Asia, it represents the geographic crossroads of major trade routes, such as the Silk Road, so it became a battleground for groups vying for control.	50
794545227	Taliban	A group that took control over Afghanistan after a civil war, their name means "religious student."	51
794545228	Taliban leaders claimed their aim was to do what?	Create a strict Islamic state based on religious teachings.	52
794545229	What rules and laws did the Taliban enforce?	Chess and football were banned; movie theaters closed; music forbidden; women could only go outside when wearing full-length veils; education forbidden for women	53
794545230	downfall of the Taliban	After the Taliban was linked with the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, a US-led force toppled the regime.	54