AP US History Test Flashcards
Mr. Wagner's US history test, unit 6.
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| 669552163 | Homestead Act | An act that gave applicants a land grant of 160 acres for $10, as long as they had proof of citizenship. After five years, with proof, they would be given the permanent land deed. | 0 | |
| 669552164 | Morill Act | Law passed by Congress in July 1862 awarding proceeds from the sale of public lands to the states for the establishment of agricultural and mechanical colleges. | 1 | |
| 669552165 | National Bank Act | Created the first national unified currency and provided funding for the Transcontinental Railroad | 2 | |
| 669552166 | US Conscription Act | March 1863- the first draft ever, it pulled 46,000 men into service, but a substitute could be bought for $300 | 3 | |
| 669552167 | CS Conscription Act | April 1862- Applied to all white males, 18-35, and called for 3 years of service. Substitutes were eliminated in 1863, but individuals owning more than 20 slaves could be exempted | 4 | |
| 669552168 | Lincoln's First Inaugural Address | March 4, 1861- Mainly addressed the South, pledged to maintain federal property and attacks against the US would be treated as a rebellion, but THE UNION WAS UNDISSOLVABLE | 5 | |
| 669552169 | Davis' Ingugural Address | Feburary 18, 1861- Tries to persuade Southerners that they had made a good decision and explained why secession is a good course, and that the South would prosper independently. No references to slavery, but plenty of references to God. | 6 | |
| 669552170 | Crittenden Compromise | A desperate measure to prevent the Civil War, introduced by John Crittenden, Senator from Kentucky, in December 1860. The bill offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36ยบ30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves. Republicans, on the advice of Lincoln, defeated it. | 7 | |
| 669552171 | Lincoln's Goals | 1.) Union is restored 2.) Slavery must be abolished 3.) Confederate Army must be disbanded | 8 | |
| 669552172 | Greenbacks | Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war | 9 | |
| 669552173 | Anaconda Plan | Proposed by Gen. Winfield Scott, it called for Union forces to: 1.) Split the Confederacy 2.) Troops down the Mississippi 3.) A slow implementation 4.) Naval blockade | 10 | |
| 669552174 | Ex parte Merryman | a well-known U.S. federal court case which arose out of the American Civil War. It was a test of the authority of the President to suspend "the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus". Chief Justice Roger Taney, sitting as a Federal Circuit Court judge, ruled that the President could not suspend, but President Lincoln ignored the ruling, as did the Army under Lincoln's orders. | 11 | |
| 669552175 | Ex parte Milligan | 1866 - Supreme Court ruled that military trials of civilians were illegal unless the civil courts are inoperative or the region is under marshall law. | 12 | |
| 669552176 | Slaughterhouse Cases | Ruled that the 14th Amendment did not create a new set of national citizenship rights; did not give US gov. power to suppress ordinary crimes, only when states denied rights; did not prohibit private organizations from discriminating | 13 | |
| 669552177 | US vs. Cruikshank | overruled the conviction of a number of whites who had rioted to prevent African Americans from voting. The Court ruled that the Constitution did not grant the rights of assembling peaceably and bearing arms; it merely prohibited Congress from infringing upon those rights | 14 | |
| 669552178 | US vs. Reese | Stated that the state cannot regulate voting rights based on color, but can use other miscellaneous tests (literacy...) to restrain voting. It also maintained that private descrimination was legal. | 15 | |
| 669552179 | Civil Rights Cases | The 14th amendment protects individuals from state action, not individual action; thus, "individuals" (coporations, clubs, organizations etc.) became free to discriminate against African Americans or use their "individual status" to evade state regulations, 1883 | 16 | |
| 669552180 | Civil Rights Act | 1866- was created to grant citizenship to blacks and it was an attempt to prohibit the black codes. It also prohibited racial discrimination on jury selection. The Civil Rights Act was not really enforced and was really just a political move used to attract more votes. It led to the creation and passing of the 14th amendment. | 17 | |
| 669552181 | Wade-Davis Bill | an 1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy...Lincoln refused to sign this bill thinking it was too harsh. | 18 | |
| 669552182 | Freedman's Bureau | Provided education to freed slaves, issued clothing, food, and medicine, and assumed custody of seized Confederate lands. | 19 | |
| 669552183 | 10% Plan | Pardon Confederates who take an oath to support the US Constitution (except Confederate officers & gov't officials), had to have 10% of registered voters in 1860 to accept pardon | 20 | |
| 669552184 | 40 Acres and a Mule | Issued by Sherman, grants 40 acres of land and a mule to a freed family of slaves and formed an African-American colony in the Bear Islands, GA | 21 | |
| 669552185 | Andrew Johnson | "Rags to riches" story from TN, went from poster boy to scourge of Radical Republicans, spokesman of poor whites and wanted to subordinate blacks | 22 | |
| 669552186 | Presidential Reconstruction | May 29, 1865- Gave amnesty to anyone who takes the oath to uphold the Constitution, no Confederate officers can vote, and a plantation owner worth more than $120,000 can come to ask, personally, for a pardon from the President | 23 | |
| 669552187 | Scalawags | Southerners who supported Northern (Republican) reforms and policies | 24 | |
| 669552188 | Carpetbaggers | Northerners who came to the south, wanting to make a profit | 25 | |
| 669552189 | Redeemers | Those who wanted to restore the South to it's prewar ways | 26 | |
| 669552190 | Bourbons | Aristocrats in the South who still wanted the planter system | 27 | |
| 669552191 | Jim Crowe Laws | had three parts: Grandfather Clause says that if you had a grandparent who was a slave then you couldn't vote. Literacy test is a test you had to take that was very subjective. Poll tax. | 28 | |
| 669552192 | Black Codes | Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves | 29 | |
| 669552193 | KKK | Name means "a circle of friends", a group of Southerners who were opposed to black rights and used violence and intimidation to keep blacks from voting | 30 | |
| 669552194 | Plessy v. Ferguson | supreme court ruled that segregation public places facilities were legal as long as the facilites were equal- "seperate but equal" | 31 | |
| 669552195 | Credit Mobilier | A false company created by the Union Pacific Railroad as a stockholding company. It was discovered that they were charging the gov't for false contracts and overcharging for construction materials. Republican Congressmen were also paid to overlook this. | 32 | |
| 669552196 | Whiskey Ring | A series of false tax claims, that were based on whiskey sales. The first person accused was Grant's secretary, which discredited Grant. | 33 | |
| 669552197 | Indian Ring | Grant's Secretary of War, William W. Belknap was impeached for accepting bribes to award fraudulent contracts to companies wanting to do business on the Indian reservations. | 34 | |
| 669552198 | Specie Resumption Act | Recalled old greenbacks, and issued new bills that were backed by gold reserves | 35 | |
| 669552199 | Panic of 1873 | Caused by the gov't being unable to repay war bonds, and printing more money (which leads to inflation, Unrestrained speculation on the railroads let to disaster - inflation and strikes by railroad workers. 18,000 businesses failed and 3 million people were out of work. Federal troops were called in to end the strike. | 36 | |
| 669552200 | Command of the Army Act | Prohibited the President from issuing direct orders without going through Gen. Grant, which was unconstitutional as the President is Commander-in-Chief | 37 | |
| 669552201 | Tenure of Office Act | Forbade the removal of civil workers without Senate approval, Johnson tests this by firing Edwin Stanton | 38 | |
| 669552202 | Military Reconstruction Act | 1867; divided the South into five districts and placed them under military rule; required Southern States to ratify the 14th amendment; guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in convention to write new state constitutions | 39 | |
| 669552203 | Johnson's Impeachment | Result of his conflicts with the Radical Republican-controlled Congress, charged that he didn't follow the Constitution, passing laws that were unconstitutional and "slander". Impeached after his trial (Mar 4-May 1868) | 40 | |
| 669552204 | 13th Amendment | This amendment freed all slaves without compensation to the slaveowners. It legally forbade slavery in the United States. | 41 | |
| 669552205 | 14th Amendment | Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws | 42 | |
| 669552206 | 15th Amendment | citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude | 43 | |
| 669552207 | Emancipation Proclamation | issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862 (directly after the Battle of Antietam), it declared that all slaves in the rebellious Confederate states would be free | 44 | |
| 669552208 | Thaddeus Stevens | Man behind the 14th Amendment, which ends slavery. Stevens and President Johnson were absolutely opposed to each other. Known as a Radical Republican | 45 | |
| 669552209 | Sharecrop Contract | This is a contract between a landowner (white) and a sharecropper (black). These contracts were in favor of the landowners and were written to keep the sharecroppers poor. | 46 | |
| 669552210 | Radical Republicans | Senators and congressmen who, strictly identifying the Civil War with the abolitionist cause, sought swift emancipation of the slaves, punishment of the rebels, and tight controls over the former Confederate states after the war. | 47 | |
| 669552211 | Civil Service | the group of people whose job it is to carry out the work of the government | 48 | |
| 669552212 | Election of 1876 | Race for the presidency between Republican Rutherford B Hayes and Democrat Samuel J Tilden. The decision of the winner came down to congress but no one knew which house should vote because the Senate was Republican and the House of Reps was Democratic. Congress created a Special Electoral Commission consisting of 5 senators, 5 House Reps, and 5 justices from the Supreme court. Votes went 8-7 in favor of Hayes. | 49 | |
| 669552213 | Compromise of 1877 | Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river | 50 |