Campbell Biology 7th Edition Chapter 54 Ecosystems Flashcards

2804562853	Detritivores	mainly bacteria and fungi, recycle rotting matter for essential chemical elements	0
2804562854	Energy flow	enters an ecosystem as light and exits as heat	1
2804562855	Gross primary production (GPP)	Total primary production in an ecosystem	2
2804562856	Net primary production (NPP)	Is equal to GPP minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration	3
2804562857	Consumers only have access to energy from this	Net primary production (NPP)	4
2804562858	Light and Nutrients	Are important limits in controlling primary production in marine and freshwater ecosystems	5
2804562859	What nutrients are limited in marine primary production?	Nitrogen and Phosphorus	6
2804562860	eutrophication	a process where water bodies receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth e.g.nitrates and phosphates, through fertilizers or sewage,into an aquatic system	7
2804562861	Trophic efficiency	percentage of production transferred from one trophic level to the next	8
2804562862	secondary production of an ecosystem	Is the amount of chemical energy in consumers' food that is converted to their own new biomass during a given period of time	9
2804562863	Energy transfer between trophic levels	is inefficient, usually less than 20% efficient between levels	10
2804562864	The trophic levels consist of	Primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers	11
2804562865	Most biomass pyramids:	Show a sharp decrease of biomass produced at successively higher trophic levels (except phytoplankton vs zooplankton biomass)	12
2804562866	Biomass	biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. It most often refers to plants or plant-derived materials	13
2804562867	green world hypothesis	Terrestrial herbivores consume relatively little plant biomass because they are held in check by a variety of factors	14
2804562868	A Factor that supports green world hypothesis that herbivores are limited in the amount of biomass they consume is:	Plants have defenses against herbivores e.g. unedible	15
2804562869	Factors that support the green world hypothesis that herbivores are limited in the amount of biomass they consume are:	that Nutrients, not energy supply, usually limit herbivores, Abiotic factors limit herbivores, Intraspecific competition can limit herbivore numbers, Interspecific interactions check herbivore densities	16
2804562870	Nutrient circuits that cycle matter through an ecosystem:	Involve both biotic and abiotic components and are often called biogeochemical cycles	17
2804562871	These nutrients cycle on a local level	Less mobile elements, including phosphorous, potassium, and calcium	18
2804562872	These nutrients cycle on a global level	Gaseous forms of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen	19
2804562873	Detrivores	are decomposers that play a key role in the general pattern of chemical cycling	20
2804562874	The main nutrient lost through agriculture	Nitrogen	21