American Pageant Chapter 1 Flashcards

904510993	Canadian Shield	the extensive region making up much of northern and central Canada underlain by Precambrian rocks that have been eroded to produce a low shieldlike profile.	0
904510994	Incas	A Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The center of their empire was in present-day Peru. Francisco Pizarro of Spain conquered the empire.	1
904510995	Aztecs	(1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshipped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor.	2
904510996	nation-states	Nation States were ruled by people who shared a common culture and language so they appealed to a certain loyalty that linked cultural and political bonds. People within Nation States believed that the government should act for the interests of everyone within its rule and provide help for people when it was needed, as opposed to serving the royal family and suiting their best interests.	3
904510997	Cahokia	an ancient settlement of southern Indians, located near present day St. Louis, it served as a trading center for 40,000 at its peak in A.D. 1200.	4
904510998	three-sister farming	beans growing on the trellis of the cornstalks and squash covering the plants mounds to retain moisture in the soil.	5
904510999	middlemen	in trading systems, those dealers who operate between the original buyers and the retail merchants who sell to consumers.	6
904511000	caravel	A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.	7
904511001	plantation	an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)	8
904511002	columbian exchange	The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.	9
904511003	treaty of tordesillas	Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas.	10
904511004	conquistadores	Spanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World. They were searching for the 3-G's: gold, God, and glory.	11
904511005	capitalism	an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.	12
904511006	encomienda	A grant of authority over a population of Amerindians in the Spanish colonies. It provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and periodic payments of goods by the Amerindians. It obliged the grant holder to Christianize the Amerindians.	13
904511007	noche triste	June 30, 1520 - "Sad night", when the Zatecs attacked Hernan Cortes and his forces in the Aztec capital, Tenochitlan, killing hundreds.	14
904511008	mestizos	A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory	15
904511009	Battle of Acoma	Battle in 1599, Spanish severed one foot off of each survivor of the Pueblos. They proclaimed the area to be the province of New Mexico in 1609 and found its caapital at Santa Fe 1610.	16
904511010	Pope's rebellion	An Indian uprising in 1680 where pueblo rebels in an attempt to resist catholicism and Europeans all together destroyed every catholic church in the province and killed scores of priests and hundreds of spanish settlers.	17
904511011	black legend	Concept that Spanish conquerors merely tortured and murdered Indians, stole gold and infected them with smallpox, leaving nothing of benefit	18
904511012	Ferdinand of Aragon	He married Isabella of Castile to form a union for Spain (though they were never politically united). He and Isabella worked together to form a strong infantry army in Spain.	19
904511013	Isabella of Castile	Along with Ferdinand of Aragon, monarch of largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia; marriage to Ferdinand created united Spain; responsible for reconquest of Granada, initiation of exploration of New World.	20
904511014	Christopher Columbus	the Italian sailor who persuaded king ferdinand and queen Isabella to fund his expedition across the Atlantic ocean to discover a new trade route to Asia. Instead of arriving at China or Japan, he reached the Bahamas in 1492	21
904511015	Francisco Coronado	A Spanish soldier and commander; in 1540, he led an expedition north from Mexico into Arizona; he was searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold, but only found Adobe pueblos.	22
904511016	Francisco Pizarro	Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)	23
904511017	Bartolome de Las Casas	First bishop of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. He devoted most of his life to protecting Amerindian peoples from exploitation. His major achievement was the New Laws of 1542, which limited the ability of Spanish settlers to compel Amerindians to labor, (476	24
904511018	Hernan Cortes	Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)	25
904511019	Malinche	Female Indian slave who served as interpreter for Cortes	26
904511020	Moctezuma	Aztec emperor defeated and killed by the Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortes.	27
904511021	John Cabot	Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland (ca. 1450-1498)	28
904511022	Robert de La Salle	Frenchman who followed the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico, claiming the region for France and naming it Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV	29
904511023	Father Junipero Serra	Franciscan friar who established 21 missions along the coast of Califronia	30