Spread of Colonial Rule I. Western gold and silver no longer exchanged for cloves, pepper, tea, silk, & porcelain A. Most output from European factories sent to Africa & Asia for oil, tin, rubber, & other resources needed to fuel industrial machine 1. Reason: Industrial Revolution II. The Motives A. West needed vital raw materials that couldn?t be found at home and a reliable market for goods produced in factories 1. Latter became increasingly crucial as producers discovered that home markets couldn?t always absorb domestic output a) Had to export manufactures to make a profit B. Imperialism: ? the policy of extending one nation?s power either by conquest or by establishing direct or indirect economic or cultural authority over another