World History Flashcards

4781393561	absolute monarch	kings or queens who hod all the power within their state's boundaries	0
4781393562	acropolis	fortified hilltop	1
4781393563	appeasement	giving in to an aggressor to keep peace	2
4781393564	aqueduct	water system that brought water into cities and towns from a river or ravine	3
4781393565	aristocracy	government ruled by a small group of noble landowning families	4
4781393566	artifact	human made objects	5
4781393567	artisan	skilled workers who make goods by hand	6
4781393568	Aryans	Indo-European whose homeland is somewhat unknown	7
4781393569	assimilation	policy based on the idea that in time, local populations would adopt another culture and become more like them	8
4781393570	Atlantic Slave trade	buying and selling Africans for work in the Americas	9
4781393571	baroque	style of art characterized by grand, ornate design	10
4781393572	barter	method of trading goods and services without money	11
4781393573	Beringia	land bridge between Asia and the Americas	12
4781393574	blitzkrieg	method of war that uses fast-moving airplanes and tanks	13
4781393575	Bronze Age	period of time when people began to use bronze instead of copper and stone	14
4781393576	bubonic plague	deadly disease that killed over one-third of the European population	15
4781393577	capitalism	economic system based on private ownership and the investment of resources for profit	16
4781393578	caste	social system of that divides people into groups	17
4781393579	chivalry	complex set of ideals demanded that a knight must fight bravely in defense of his masters	18
4781393580	city-state	city that controlled the land around it and acted like an independent country does today	19
4781393581	civilization	complex culture	20
4781393582	colony	lands controlled by other nations	21
4781393583	comedy	plays filled with slapstick situations and crude humor, often written about politics and respected people	22
4781393584	common law	the trend of England's rulings over centuries that became accepted laws	23
4781393585	communism	form of complete socialism in which all means of production, and the goods, are distributed equally among the people	24
4781393586	conservative	people who support the more traditional forms of government	25
4781393587	constitutional monarchy	laws limit a monarchies power	26
4781393588	consul	Roman leaders who commanded the army and directed the government	27
4781393589	covenant	mutual promise between God and the founder of the Jewish people	28
4781393590	crusade	holy war to gain control of land	29
4781393591	cultural diffusion	process by which a new idea or product spreads from one culture to another	30
4781393592	culture	a people's unique way of life	31
4781393593	cuneiform	wedge-shaped writing used by the Sumerians	32
4781393594	delta	broad marshy triangular area of land formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of the river	33
4781393595	democracy	rule by the people	34
4781393596	dictator	leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army	35
4781393597	divine right	idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God's representative on Earth	36
4781393598	domestication	taming of animals	37
4781393599	dynasty	series of rulers from a single family	38
4781393600	empire	the bringing together of several groups of people under the control of one ruler	39
4781393601	Enlightenment	intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the ower of individuals to solve problems	40
4781393602	epic	narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds	41
4781393603	estates	large social classes	42
4781393604	fascism	militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader	43
4781393605	federal system	when power is divided between national and state governments	44
4781393606	Fertile Crescent	rich land where civilizations first thrived	45
4781393607	fief	land granted to vassals in feudalism	46
4781393608	French and Indian War	land dispute over the Ohio valley between the British and the French	47
4781393609	genocide	systematic killing of an entire people	48
4781393610	geocentric theory	view of the universe where the Earth is the center, not the sun	49
4781393611	ghettos	overcrowded areas where people are forced to live separate from the general population	50
4781393612	guild	organization of individuals in the same business or occupation working to improve the economic and social conditions	51
4781393613	Hammurabi	Babylonian leader known for the creation of the code of laws	52
4781393614	heliocentric theory	view of the universe where the sun is the center, not the Earth	53
4781393615	hieroglyphics	Egyptian form of writing that used simple pictures	54
4781393616	Hittites	group of Indo-European speakers that occupied Asia Minor	55
4781393617	Homer	storyteller who recorded the history of the Trojan War	56
4781393618	hominid	human and other creatures that walk upright	57
4781393619	Homo sapiens	species name for modern humans	58
4781393620	humanism	intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements	59
4781393621	icon	religious images used by Eastern Christians to aid their devotions	60
4781393622	imperialism	the seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country	61
4781393623	impressionism	art movement that focuses on ordinary themes and tried to show it at that exact moment	62
4781393624	Industrial Revolution	period of increased output of machine-made goods	63
4781393625	inflation	drastic drop in the value of money coupled with a rise in prices	64
4781393626	Inquisition	court held by the church to suppress heresy	65
4781393627	institution	long lasting pattern of organization in a community	66
4781393628	isolationism	belief that political ties to other countries should be avoided	67
4781393629	knight	mounted horsemen who pledged to defend their lords land in exchange for fiefs	68
4781393630	legion	large military units of Roman soldiers	69
4781393631	liberal	people who wanted to give more to the people by changing the role of government	70
4781393632	lord	landowner in feudalism	71
4781393633	manor	lords estate	72
4781393634	mercantilism	theory that a nation's power is directly dependent on its wealth	73
4781393635	mercenary	foreign soldiers who fought for money	74
4781393636	Mesopotamia	plains between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers	75
4781393637	mestizo	mixed Spanish and Native-American blood	76
4781393638	Middle Ages	also known as the medieval period	77
4781393639	migration	movement of a people from one region to another	78
4781393640	militarism	keeping an army prepared for war at all times	79
4781393641	Minoans	seafaring people who lived on the island of Crete	80
4781393642	monarchy	government ruled by a king or queen	81
4781393643	monastery	religious communities	82
4781393644	monotheism	belief in a single god	83
4781393645	Mycenaean	people who settled on the Greek mainland	84
4781393646	myth	traditional stories about Greek gods	85
4781393647	neoclassical	style of art characterized by simple and elegant design	86
4781393648	Neolithic Age	period of time where humans learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops and raise animals	87
4781393649	nomad	highly mobile people who moved from place to place in order to survive	88
4781393650	oligarchy	government ruled by few powerful people	89
4781393651	Paleolithic Age	time period of the oldest stone chopping tools	90
4781393652	parliament	legislative group	91
4781393653	patrician	wealthy landowners who held most of the power	92
4781393654	Pax Romana	period of peace and prosperity in Roman history	93
4781393655	pharaoh	Egyptian god-kings	94
4781393656	philosopher	lovers of wisdom	95
4781393657	Phoenicians	powerful traders who worked together as city-states and not one united country	96
4781393658	Pilgrims	group that founded English colony at Jamestown	97
4781393659	plebeian	common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population	98
4781393660	polis	fundamental political unit in ancient Greece composed of the city-state	99
4781393661	polytheism	belief in more than one god	100
4781393662	predestination	belief that God had known since the beginning of time who will be saved	101
4781393663	propaganda	one sided information designed to keep up morale and support the war	102
4781393664	Protestant	Christians that belonged to non-Catholic churches	103
4781393665	pueblo	villages of large apartment style compounds made of stone and adobe	104
4781393666	Puritans	group of colonists seeking freedom from the Anglican Church	105
4781393667	racism	the belief that one race is superior to another	106
4781393668	radical	people in favor of drastic changes in government	107
4781393669	rationing	only allowing a person a fixed amount of a resource in order to conserve it	108
4781393670	realism	art movement that tried to show life as it was, not as it should be	109
4781393671	Reformation	movement for religious change	110
4781393672	Renaissance	movement that caused an explosion of creativity in art, writing, and thought	111
4781393673	republic	form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote or their leaders	112
4781393674	romanticism	movement that focused on the thoughts and feelings of individuals	113
4781393675	scientific method	logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas	114
4781393676	Scientific Revolution	way of looking at the world through careful observation, and a willingness to question beliefs	115
4781393677	scribe	professional record keepers	116
4781393678	secular	having no religious connections	117
4781393679	senate	aristocratic branch of Rome's government	118
4781393680	serf	people who could not lawful leave the place where they were born	119
4781393681	skepticism	idea that nothing can ever be known for certain	120
4781393682	social contract	when people hand over their rights to a strong ruler in order to gain law and order	121
4781393683	socialism	economic system where the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all	122
4781393684	specialization	development of skills in a specific kind of work	123
4781393685	steppes	dry grasslands that stretched north of the Caucasus mountains	124
4781393686	suffrage	the right to vote	125
4781393687	technology	ways of applying knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs	126
4781393688	theocracy	type of government in which rule is based on religious authority	127
4781393689	Thirty Years War	conflict over religion and territory among the Hapsburg family	128
4781393690	tithe	tax paid to the church	129
4781393691	Torah	first five books of the Hebrew Bible, also known as the Old Testament	130
4781393692	total war	method of fighting war that involves all of a nation's resources	131
4781393693	tragedy	serious drama about common themes such as love hate, war, or betrayal	132
4781393694	trench warfare	method of fighting war that involves dugout holes, machine guns, and artillery fire	133
4781393695	tribune	representatives for Roman democracy	134
4781393696	tribute	peace money paid by a weaker power to a stronger power	135
4781393697	Trojan War	ten year war between Mycenae and Troy	136
4781393698	troubadour	traveling poet musicians at the castles and courts of Europe	137
4781393699	tyrant	individuals who seized control of the government by appealing to the common people for support	138
4781393700	utopia	non-existent community that is described in detail	139
4781393701	vassal	person receiving a fief in feudalism	140
4781393702	War of Spanish Succession	1701 event when several European states joined together to prevent the union of the French and Spanish thrones	141
4781393703	westernization	Using western Europe as a model for change	142