Mediterranean: Chapter 4 Flashcards

3067886055	Rome vs. Greece	Mighty empire /// inept city states Engineering /// scientific thought Western Europe was Greco-Roman /// Eastern Europe was Greek influence	0
3067892416	What did Rome and Greece share?	Political ideas Common religion Artistic styles Economic structures	1
3072328052	When was the rise of the Persian empire? Leader?	550 BCE: massive Persian empire across Middle East Cyrus the Great	2
3072353707	Characteristics of the Persian empire? (6) + who conquered it?	1. Tolerant of local customs 2. Advanced iron technology 3. Zoroastrianism 4. Artistic lifestyle 5. Conquered by Alexander the Great 6. Persian language and culture survived into 20th century	3
3072372681	Civilization of Crete	Showed Egyptian influence by 2000	4
3072387977	What major empire was crete apart of?	Greece	5
3072372682	Crete architecture	Monuments	6
3072372683	In what city and year did the Trojan war occur?	1400 BCE Mycenae	7
3072404636	Dark Ages	After the Trojan war----Indo-Europeans destroyed until 800	8
3072420477	How did Greek civilization emerge from the dark ages?	Rise from 800-600 BCE Strong city-states with tyrant or aristocratic council	9
3072499135	Why was a unified government difficult for early Greece?	the region is divided by mountains	10
3072598728	Language of city states	written language came from Phoenician alphabet	11
3072602497	Social life in early Greece?	Regular celebrations Athletic competitions----Olympic games	12
3072609481	Two major cities of Greece?	1. Sparta: military tradition, slavery 2. Athens: commercial state, slaves, artistic/intellectual leadership	13
3072617402	When and where did democracy emerge?	(500 BCE) Athens	14
3072620980	Most famous political figure in Athens?	Pericles---(no official position, but did influence negotiation)	15
3072674963	Peloponnesian Wars	Between Sparta and Athens Weakened Greece	16
3072678445	Who took over after the Peloponnesian wars?	Philip II of Macedon	17
3100436712	How did Alexander the Great react to the Peloponnesian wars?	Continued invading towards Persia	18
3100441963	Greece post Peloponnesian wars? [6]	1. 13 years of conquests 2. Successor kingdoms ruled for centuries 3. Hellinistic period (Greek art and culture emerges) 4. Trade flourished 5. Scientific centers: alexandria 6. Greece decline, legacy carries on	19
3100452929	Emergence of Rome	Started under control of a monarchy in 800 BCE	20
3100481570	Fall of Rome (year)	509 BCE	21
3100487386	How did the Roman republic expand?	Constantly, despite fear of invaders	22
3100490420	What caused the 3 Punic wars?	Expansion across Sicily started a conflict at Carthage	23
3100500750	Winner of the punic wars?	Hannibal defeated through Gaul (not roman)	24
3100590183	How did the government change for Rome post Punic wars?	republic replaced by powerful generals	25
3100595666	Who was the first to "Cross the rubicon"	Ceaser	26
3100597729	How and when does Ceaser take over	27 BCE Through assassination after rivalry	27
3100600483	Pax Romana	basic structure for Roman empire refers to Rome in glorified time, meaning peace	28
3100604868	When and how did pax romana end	180 CE: with Marcus Aurelius peace was brought to Medditeranean 476: gradual fall until invaders took over	29
3100647077	Where does the empire expand to during pax romana	Britain	30
3100653816	What caused the fall of Rome [5]	1. economy loss : trade loss 2. population loss: lowering birth rates 3. government less effective 4. unable to supply more land to finance empire 5. too spread out: difficult to defend	31
3100673951	What two leaders attempt to salvage Rome	Deiocleitan: reforms Constantine: [313] adopts Christianity, East and West split	32
3100680869	Rome post fall (governments and army)	1. Governments became locals in Western Europe 2. tried using foreign recruits	33
3100690277	Polis	city state in ancient Greece	34
3100694755	What civilization was the greek and roman use of city states similar to?	China	35
3100698425	What did Greece and rome not do in terms of government?	Administer local regions	36
3100702235	How is their government similar to India, unlike China?	China had a single set of political institutions: Rome and Greece did not Like India: diverse forms of government	37
3100706722	What diverse forms of government did Greece and Rome use?	Monarchy (yet not preferred) Individual strongmen: tyranny (common)	38
3100741741	Demos	people of Greece	39
3100747011	Government in Greece	direct democracy and general assemblies executive officers chosen by lot: similar to jury duty	40
3100755263	Negatives of democracy	Peloponnesian Wars Lower class citizens wanted power: recommend stupid military decisions	41
3100826630	What was the most preferred form of government in Greece	Aristocractic assemblies	42
3100834971	Roman government [2 main structures]	1. Constitution: relied on magistrates and aristocrats 2. Senate: held executive offices--two consuls shared power	43
3100844878	Use of a dictator	Employed by the senate during times of emergencies	44
3100847122	Who shaped political theory in Rome	Cicero	45
3100851040	[5] parts of political theory in Rome	1. Political ethic 2. duties of citizens 3. incorruptable service 4. key political skills (oratory) 5. different than China: hierachy not strong	46
3100861109	Who did the Roman empire preserve	the senate (useless at time)	47
3100865005	Main form of government during the Roman empire	local autonomy (tolerance of local customs and religion)	48
3100871993	The roman empire had strong ______________.	military organization	49
3100875527	Laws in classical Rome?	Twelve tables (450 BCE) Used to restrain the upper class and regulated property and commerce	50
3100887204	What two things did the Roman government focus on?	Law courts Military	51
3100893557	How did Rome support official religion	Civic festivals Religions tolerated as long as they did not conflict with the state	52
3100899488	Key Elements of Medditeranean government	1. localism 2. political focus 3. diversity of systems 4. aristocracy and law	53
3100905543	How were the governments flawed	lack of specific individual rights	54
3100912117	Greco-Roman Religion emphasis on nature?	nature>gods/goddesses	55
3100915021	Actions of the gods	Interacted with people in soap operas used in stories to show human passion	56
3100922780	Why did the lower class gravitate towards "mystery religions"	Greco-Roman religion lacked spiritual passion	57
3100927172	Major philosphers and their primary beliefs	1. Aristotle: balance, Golden Mean 2. Stoics: moral independance 3. Socrates: question (accused for undermining) 4. Plato: 3 forms are true, good, beautiful	58
3100937405	Primary belief of all philosophers	Thinking is most important, not spirituality	59
3100943756	Intellectual in Rome	Many theories in math and science wrong Romans good at engineering	60
3100948755	What was artistic expression in temples and statues inspired by?	Official religion	61
3100957106	Style of art	Realistic depiction of humans	62
3100959814	Drama in Greece and Rome	comedy and tragedy focused on human flaw	63
3100963363	What were Romans known for?	athletic performances (gladiators)	64
3100966018	Greek literature	epic tradition (Oddyssey and the Illiad) links to mythology	65
3100971337	Architecture in Greece and Rome	Greece: columns Rome: dome/stadium	66
3100979294	What caused fueds in the economy?	large landowners hurt small farmers Farmers try to keep independance: forced olives and grapes (take patience and need capital)	67
3100987188	Commercial agriculture needed an _________	empire	68
3100991973	What would an empire do for agriculture?	supervise grain trade and public works manufacture many goods	69
3100997884	Merchant influence	Better in Medditeranean than China	70
3101003017	What was the key component to agriculture at the time period?	slavery	71
3101005775	How did slavery hurt technological innovation?	Many people used for labor--no need for technology Free farmers could not compete	72
3101013643	Family structure	Tight Women inferior/ different laws than men	73
3101015456	How did Rome fall (in general)	fell in parts rather than all at once	74
3101020846	Why did Rome not carry on?	No central religion to revive it	75
3101032319	How was China, India, and Medditeranean similar?	Social hierarchy Agricultural economy Politics mostly beuracratic: laws to justify upper class	76
3101048307	Social mobility in the different civilizations?	India: little China: few talented beuracrats Med: some non-artistocrats can, military	77
3101053841	United by different reasons	India: Hindu China: Confucionism Med: military and local leaders	78
3101062058	Why were China/India able to remain for longer?	Able to convince of political legitimacy: to lower class Religion Med: gave more political rights (democracy)	79