Mendelian genetics concepts Flashcards
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| 2820961931 | Probability | a number representing how likely it is that some future event will occur. |  | 0 |
| 2820961932 | Heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring (also called inheritance). |  | 1 |
| 2820961933 | Homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure and pair during meiosis. |  | 2 |
| 2820961934 | Gene | a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for an inherited trait. |  | 3 |
| 2820961935 | Allele | a different version of a gene. |  | 4 |
| 2820961936 | Trait | a characteristic of an organism that can be passed on to its offspring through its genes. |  | 5 |
| 2820961937 | Dominant trait | a trait that is always expressed and is observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred. |  | 6 |
| 2820961938 | Recessive trait | a trait that is hidden by a dominant trait and reappears in the second generation when parents with different traits are bred. |  | 7 |
| 2820961939 | True-breeding | sexually reproducing organisms that produce offspring with inherited traits identical to those of themselves (the parents). |  | 8 |
| 2820961940 | Parent generation (P1 generation) | the starting generation in a breeding experiment. |  | 9 |
| 2820961941 | First generation (F1 generation) | the set of offspring resulting from the breeding of the parent generation. |  | 10 |
| 2820961942 | Second generation (F2 generation) | the set of offspring resulting from the breeding of the F1 generation. |  | 11 |
| 2820961943 | Genetics | the branch of biology that studies heredity of traits in organisms. |  | 12 |
| 2820961944 | Law of segregation | when sex cells (gametes) are formed, each gamete will receive one version of a gene (allele) or the other. |  | 13 |
| 2820961945 | Genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism for a particular trait represented by two letters (alleles). |  | 14 |
| 2820961946 | Homozygous | having identical alleles at on both chromosomes. |  | 15 |
| 2820961947 | Heterozygous | having two different alleles on chromosomes. |  | 16 |
| 2820961948 | Phenotype | the physical characteristic of a particular combination of alleles or genotype. |  | 17 |
| 2820961949 | Hybrid | the offspring of parents with different traits. |  | 18 |
| 2820961950 | Monohybrid cross | a genetic cross that evaluates one characteristic. |  | 19 |