AP World: Chapter 1: From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations Flashcards

2058903736	Paleolithic Age	the Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 B.C.E.; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence	0
2058903737	Neolithic Age	The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished	1
2058903738	Neolithic Revolution	the succession of technological innovation and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 B.C.E.	2
2058903739	Hunting and gathering	society that relies on the hunting of wildlife and the gathering of wild vegetation, such as fruits, berried and nuts, in order to support the diet of the society	3
2058903740	Bronze Age	from about 4000 B.C.E., when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 B.C.E., when iron began to replace it	4
2058903741	Civilization	societies distinguished be reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of non-farming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups	5
2058903742	Catal Huyuk	early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; was larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification	6
2058903743	Cuneiform	a form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets	7
2058903744	Nomads	cattle and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies	8
2058903745	Mesopotamia	Literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys	9
2058903746	Sumerians	people who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 4000 B.C.E.; created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states	10
2058903747	Ziggurats	massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes	11
2058903748	City-states	a form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king	12
2058903749	Babylonians	unified all of Mesopotamia c. 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion c. 1600 B.C.E.	13
2058903750	Hammurabi	the most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law	14
2058903751	Pharaohs	Typically an Egyptian king who possessed immense power	15
2058903752	Pyramids	monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs	16
2058903753	Indus River	river sources in Himalayas to mouth of in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization	17
2058903754	Harappa	along with Mohenjodaro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	18
2058903755	Huanghe River	also known as the Yellow River; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China	19
2058903756	Ideographic	pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing	20
2058903757	Shang	first Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished 1600 to 1046 B.C.E.	21
2058903758	Phoenicians	seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean	22
2058903759	Monotheism	the exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization	23