Cities: Population centers that are notably larger and more organized than towns or villages and that support the other features of civilization. Organized Governments: Structured governments that coordinate large-scale projects such as food production or construction, established law, and organize defense system. Complex Religion: Systems of religious beliefs that usually include rituals and worship of one or more gods and/ or goddesses. Job Specialization: System in which there are different types of jobs and each worker focuses on one particular type. Social Classes: Ranked groups within society that are determined by job or economic standing. Art and Architecture: Various types of artwork and buildings that express the talents, beliefs, and value of people in a society.