nervous system Flashcards

2458135740	neuron	nerve cell	0
2458135741	nerve	bundle of neurons	1
2458139088	sensory neuron	binds to / responds to external & internal stimulus	2
2458140365	relay neuron (interneuron)	sends messages to relay or motor neurons	3
2458143596	relay neuron (interneuron)	nerves found primarily in brain & spinal cord	4
2458145051	motor neuron	synapses with effector	5
2458148857	central nervous system	brain and spinal cord make up the ____	6
2458150286	peripheral nervous system	branching nerves make up the ____	7
2458151584	dendrite	part of neuron that receives a stimulus	8
2458154228	ganglia near spinal cord	where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons located?	9
2458156167	ganglia in spinal cord	where are the cell bodies of motor neurons located?	10
2458158899	axon	part of neuron that sends action potential to the endings if threshold potential is reached	11
2458161319	axon ending	part of neuron where neurotransmitters are released	12
2458164672	broken down by an enzyme, taken back up by original neuron	eventually, neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft will be ____ or ____.	13
2458168900	myelin sheath	surrounds the axon arm	14
2458170013	nodes	gaps in myelin sheath	15
2458172608	voltage sensitive gated channels for Na and K ions	nodes are where ____ are located	16
2458175428	schwann lipid rich cells	the myelin sheath is made up of	17
2458182905	acetylcholine	allows motor neurons to synapse with skeletal muscles	18
2458183927	dopamine	plays a role in skeletal muscle movement and reward pathway	19
2458187450	motor cortex	people with parkinsons cannot effectively control their muscles because of a defect in the ____	20
2458191363	pain withdrawal, kneejerk	what are the 2 main types of somatic / spinal reflexes?	21
2458195787	sensory to relay to motor	what path does an action potential take in a pain withdrawal reflex?	22
2458197473	sensory to motor	what path does an action potential take in a knee-jerk response?	23
2458207198	cerebrospinal fluid	the spinal lumen and brain ventricles contain ____	24
2458215175	gray matter; rich in cell bodies	the center of the spine contains ____ because it is ____	25
2458218432	white matter; rich in myelinated axons	the outer part of the spine contains ____ because it is ____	26
2458237543	ventral root	motor neurons connect to effectors via the ____	27
2458239382	dorsal root	sensory neurons connect to relay neurons via the ____	28
2458244097	reflex arc	very quick response to stimulus without directly synapsing to brain	29
2460077975	-70mv; negative	at rest, a neuron has a membrane potential of ____, meaning it is more ____ than the outside	30
2460083289	2 K, 3 Na	the pump in a neuron pumps ____ for every ___	31
2460089076	depolarization	when the neuron shifts from negative to positive	32
2460095078	sodium channels	during depolarization, ____ open	33
2460096724	threshold potential	when enough Na ions enter the neuron, the ____ is reached	34
2460330908	voltage sensitive gates	the ____ open when the threshold potential is reached	35
2460332144	wave of depolarization	when Na ions flood the axon, a ___ results where each set of voltage sensitive gates open	36
2460339304	K channel, voltage sensitive K channel	the ____ and ____ open slightly after the wave of depolarization, beginning the return to resting potential	37
2460341187	Na K pump	the ____ completes the return to resting potential	38
2460342661	hyperpolarization	when a stimulus causes k ion channels in the dendrite region to open	39
2460344919	+10 mv	what is the threshold potential?	40
2460347269	Ca2+	at the axon endings, ___ enter the neuron	41
2460350093	prevents	hyperpolarization ___ a wave of depolarization	42
2460353460	leave	when inhibitory neurotransmitters bind to a receptor, k ions ____ the cell	43