Forensic Medicine Flashcards

683281653	Ballistics	the science that deals with the motion, behavior, and effects of projectiles, most often firearms and bullets.	0
683281654	Odontology	in forensics, examination of bite marks and dental identification of corpses.	1
683281655	Pathology	investigation of sudden, unexplained, or violent death.	2
683281656	Entomology	the study of insects.	3
683281657	Palynology	the study of pollen and spores.	4
683281660	Polygraphy	the use of the "lie detector". Polygraph = lie detector	5
683281661	Laceration	Caused by a blunt object	6
683281662	Incised wounds	Caused by a sharp object	7
683281664	Perforating gunshot wound	Has an entrance and an exit wound	8
683281665	Penetrating gunshot wound	Does not have an exit wound.	9
683281666	Mechanism of Death	Biochemical or physiologic abnormality produced by the cause of death that is incompatible with life	10
683281667	Manner of Death MOD	The fashion in which the cause of death came to be.	11
683281671	Rigor mortis	Stiffening of the muscles that occurs following the death of a person. The glycogen in the body is not reformed leaving muscles stiff	12
683281675	Livor Mortis	Discoloration of the body which occurs from te settling of red blood cells after the blood stops circulating. Lividity becomes fixed at 12hrs	13
683281676	Algor Mortis	Cooling of the body that occurs after death. This obviously varies greatly.	14
683281916	Mechanical traumas	Can be sharp or blunt. Blunt traumas are further divided into firearm and non-firearm.	15
683281917	Non-penetrating traumas	Can be sharp or blunt. Blunt traumas are further divided into firearm and non-firearm.	16
683282290	GSR	Gun shot residue Gun powder leftover from shooting a gun	17
683282341	DOA	Dead on arrival, Death on Arrival	18
683282392	Cannabis	marujuana;pot	19
683282393	Teratogen	an agent that can cause birth defects in an embryo or fetus. two well-known examples are alcohol and thalidomide.	20
683282394	Alkaloid	Examples are cocaine, nicotine, strychnine, caffenine, and morphine.	21
683282395	Analgesics	drugs that relieve pain.	22
683282396	Presumptive Test	test that presumes the presence of the questioned substanced; also called a screening test.	23
683282398	Osteons	structures in bones that carry the blood supply.	24
683282400	Femur	long bone found in the leg extending from the hip to the knee.	25
683282402	Tibia	long bone found in the leg extending from the knee to the ankle.	26
683282404	Humerus	long bone found in the arm extending from the shoulder to the elbow. upper arm	27
683282405	Radius	long bone found in the arm extending from the elbow to the wrist.	28
683282406	Os Pubis	area on the anterior side of the pelvis where the hip bones come together.	29
683282407	Ventral Arc	a bony ridge that is formed on the ventral (lower) side of the female os pubis.	30
683282408	Epiphyses	growth plates found at the ends of the long bones. they form in adolescence and fuse to the bone during early adulthood.	31
683282409	Diaphysis	the shaft of a long bone.	32
683282426	Iliac Crest	found on the top of the hip bone.	33
683282427	Clavicle	also known as the collarbone; its medial ends meet in the center of the body.	34
683282430	Sutures	immovable joints where bonesare joined together. they are visible as seams on the surface.	35
683282431	Symphysis	a place where two bones meet and may rub together.	36
683282432	Caucasoid	descriptor for people of European, Middle Eastern, and East Indian descent.	37
683282433	Negroid	descriptor for people of African, Aborigine, and Melanesian descent.	38
683282434	Monogoloid	descriptor for people of Asian, Native American, Polynesian descent.	39
683282435	Modus Operandi (MO)	the characteristic method of operation of a criminal; sometimes referred to as MO.	40
683282436	Statutory Law	legislative acts declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something.	41
683282437	Common Law or Case Law	Type of law that is formulated by judges or determined by court decisions.	42
683282438	Civil Law	A law that governs relationships between individuals and defines their legal rights.	43
683282444	Criminal Law	Codes of behavior related to the protection of property and individual safety	44
683282447	Misdemeanor	a minor crime, less than a felony, usually punished with a fine or confinement other than in a prison.	45
683282448	Felony	a serious crime, such as murder, punishable by more than one year of imprisonment up to excution.	46
683282449	What is the two-pronged test that foresic pathologists use?	First, is the death sudden. Second, was the death expected.(i.e. if person had been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease then death would have been expected even if sudden.	47
683282450	What two methods to pathologist use to obtain DNA from victim for future DNA analysis?	A drop of blood or a hair with the blub still attached	48
683282451	What are the three major subgroupings of forensic psychiatry?	Criminal forensic psychiatry, civil forensic psychiatry, administrative forensic psychiatry.	49
683282452	Dactyloscopy	the study of fingerprints. the word is drived from the Greek daktulos, meaning finger.	50
683282454	Anthropometry	the study of human body measurements. the word is derived from the Greek anthropos, meaning man.	51
683282455	Loop	fingerprint pattern with one or more ridges entering from one side, curving, then going out on the same side entered.	52
683282457	Delta	triangular area found in all loop and whorl patterns	53
683282458	Core	area found near the center of all loop and whorl patterns.	54
683282459	Whorl	fingerprint pattern with at least two deltas and a core.	55
683282460	Arch	least common and simpliest fingerprint pattern. they have no delta or core. all ridges enter one side and exit the other.	56
683282467	Visible Print	fingerprint left by a finger that has touched blood, paint, ink, or the like.	57
683282470	Latent Print	fingerprint made by the deposit of perspiration or body oils; invisible to the naked eye until developed.	58
683282471	Minutiae	in description of fingerprints, ridge characteristics.	59
683282475	Bifurcations	common minutiae, shaped like a two-pronged fork.	60
683282476	Locard Exchange Principle	there is always a cross transfer of evidence between suspect and victim or locale.	61
683282477	Cuticle (Hair)	tough, clear outside covering of the hair shaft.	62
683282478	Cortex (Hair)	middle layer of the hair shaft that provides strength; compromises most of the hair mass.	63
683282479	Medulla (Hair)	the spongy anterior core of hair that gives it flexibilty; appears as a canal in the middle of the shaft.	64
683282485	Keratin	A fiber protein that is the principal component of hair, skin, and nails is	65
683282486	False Positive	a test result that comes out positive when it should not; often caused by comtamination or failure to run a control.	66
683282487	Catalyst	a small amount of a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up in the process.	67
683282488	Viscosity	the resistance of a fluid to flow. water is low relative to syrup. heating generally lowers this of a liquid.	68
683282489	Homopolymers	polymers made up of one type of repeating unit. each is made from one monomer only.	69
683282490	Polyethers	a series of carbon atoms connected by oxygen atoms.	70
683282492	Chromatography	A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.	71
683282493	Elute	to extract one material from another, usually by means of a solvent.	72
683282494	Designer Drug	drugs synthesized with particular pharmacological characteristics, designed for abuse and evasion of specific drug laws.	73
683282497	Cheliloscopy	the study of lip prints, from the Greek word cheilos, meaning lip.	74
683282498	Conchoidal Fracture	A curved fracture surface; looks like the inside of a clam shell	75
683282499	Hemoglobin	the oxygen carrier that gives red blood cells their color. it is composed of four globen (protein) chains, each with heme group.	76
683282500	Precipitin Test	test that distingushes between human and animal blood	77
683282501	Chemiluminescence	the emmission of light from a chemical reaction. within an organism such as a firefly. it is called bioluminescence.	78
683282502	Antigens	foreign substances in the body that are capable of causing disease. the presence of antigens triggers an immune response, usually the production of antibodies.	79
683282504	Agglutinate	an allergic reaction where red blood cells clump together, usually in response to a particular antibody.	80
683282505	Serology	the laboratory study of body fluids using specific antigen and serum antibody reactions.	81
683282506	Erythrocytes	red blood cells.	82
683282507	Leukocytes	White Blood Cells	83
683282509	ABO	a basic classification system for blood types based upon the reaction of antigens and antibodies.	84
683282511	Taxonomy	the classification ont things in an orderly way that indicates natural relationships.	85
683282512	Carrion	the carcass of a dead and decaying animal.	86
683282513	Postmortem Interval (PMI)	the time elapsed since a person has died.	87
683282536	Caliber	A measure of the inside diameter of a firearm barrel	88
683282541	Bore	the interior diameter of a gun barrel.	89
683282565	Gauge	A measure related to the diameter of the bore and the size of the shotshell designed for that bore	90
683282571	Shot	lead spheres in a shotgun shell.	91
683282575	Slug	a single shot or bullet in a shotgun shell.	92
683283117	Striae	parallel sets of scratches on a bullet caused by unique markings in the bore of a rifled weapon.	93
683283118	Head Stamp	numerals, letters, and symbols on the base of a cartridge showing the manufacturer, caliber, and code.	94
683283119	Breech	portion of the gun that contains the firing mechanism.	95
683283122	Magazine	a container that holds cartridges under spring pressure to be fed into the gun's chamber; also called a clip.	96
683283123	Chamber	part of the firearm that contains a cartridge for firing.	97
683283124	Blind Forgery	one made without a model of this signnature or writing being forged.	98
683283128	Forgery	an item prepared with the intent to deceive or defraud. it can be an autograph, a book, a painting, a baseball card, a stamp, an antique, or almost anything.	99
683283129	Simulated Forgery	one made by copying a genuine signature.	100
683283130	Traced Forgery	one made by tracing a genuine signature.	101
683283131	Indented Writing	impressions left under paper that has been written on.	102
683283133	When were psychologists recognized in court?	Jenkins v United States 1962	103
683283135	Name the 4 roles of a forensic psychologists.	1. Research: investigate legal processes and phenomena 2. Intervention (aka treatment or therapy) 3. Assessment: psychological appraisal 4. Consultation: provide information to agencies including police departments judges, attorneys and jail staff	104
683283137	What is the most prevalent area of forensic psychology research?	Eyewitness testimony	105
683283158	Confession.	Admission of guilt • Most damaging piece of evidence in a trial	106
683283159	False confession.	Admission of guilt by an innocent person	107
683283160	Name the 3 primary reasons for a false confession.	1. Publicity 2. To end punishment 3. Highly suggestible and stressed	108
683283162	Name 2 main roles of a forensic psychologist in assessment.	1. Involves test administration 2. Testify as expert witness	109
683283163	What are the 3 primary states when testifying as an expert witness?	1. Dangerousness: likelihood to cause emotional or physical harm 2. Competency: ability to understand nature and purpose of court proceedings 3. Insanity: legal term for unsoundness of mind such that nature of a (criminal) act was not perceived to be wrong	110
683283164	What are the 4 areas of dangerousness?	1. Violence 2. Suicide 3. Child and domestic abuse 4. Sexual abuse	111
683283165	Name 2 way to be considered for insanity.	1. Cannot distinguish fantasy from reality 2. Subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior	112
683283166	Name 2 possible verdicts if one is found insane.	1. Not guilty by reason of insanity 2. Not guilty by reason of temporary insanity	113
683283167	Signature	Unique manner in which a person commits crime to emotionally fulfill himself	114
683283168	Who was the Vampire of Sacramento? Give some background information.	• Richard Trenton Chase • Unemployed, white male, 27 years old • Lived alone, 1 block from killings • Found body parts and bloodstained blender, calendar with more dates	115
683283169	What is Algor mortis? Time Frame	Definiton:Decrease in body temperature after death Time:Body cools at a rate of 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit per hour for the first 12 hours then 1 degree Fahrenheit per hour for the next 12 to 18 hours	116
683283170	What is Livor Mortis? Time Frame?	Definition:Purple/red discoloration in the dependent areas of the body due to accumulation of blood after cardiac activity has ceased Time:Begins between 30 minutes to 2 hours after death Usually "fixed" by 8 to 12 hours after death	117
683283171	What are the specific types of lividity and what causes them?	Cherry red lividity: carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide poisoning and cold temperatures ~Minimal lividity: hypovolemic shock or anemia	118
683283192	What was the first published account involving a convition based on bite marks as evidence.	Doyle v. State; Texas, 1954	119