Forensic Medicine: Forensic Pathology Flashcards

2555930304	Abrasions	scraping of the skin surface, only epidermis is affected but can bleed	0
2555930305	Brush Abrasion	angular contact with rough surface, skin tags	1
2555930306	Bruises	leaking of blood from damaged vessels, intact epidermis, red purple, blue brown, green brown, yellow	2
2555930307	Tramline Bruising	caused by rectangular objects or cylindrical objects , central pallor with surrounding bruising	3
2555930308	Intradermal Bruising	sharply defined bleeding into the suspidermal layer caused by a patterned object	4
2555930309	Microscopy	haemosiderin can be found in bruises aprox 48 hours	5
2555930310	Laceration	tearing of the skin due to blunt force trauma	6
2555930311	Blunt Force Truma	Abraisons, bruises, lacerations	7
2555930312	Sharp Force Trauma	incised wounds, slash wound, stab wound	8
2555930313	Incised wound	caused by anything with a sharp edge	9
2555930314	Slash Wound	longer than it is deep	10
2555930315	Stab Wound	deeper than it is long	11
2555930316	Atherosclerosis	hardening of the arteries, build up of fatty plaque on the inside of the arteries, reduces the diameter of the artery and bloodflow	12
2555930317	Cardiac Enlargement	mismatch between muscle mass and blood supply, caused by high blood pressure or heart valve diseal	13
2555930318	Heart	made of myocardium muscle, divided into four chambers, ventricles & atria	14
2555930319	Blood Supply To The Heart	3 main arteries, circumflex, left anterior descending, right corrany artery	15
2555930320	Arteries	thick walled, high pressure, elastic, smooth muscle, carries blood away from the heart	16
2555930321	Veins	thinner walled, low pressure, carries blood towards the heart, valves, deoxygenated	17
2555930322	Gas Exchange	oxygen is inhaled into air passages, diffusion into blood vessels in alveolus wall, exchange for carbon dioxide from blood, carbon dioxide exhaled	18
2555930323	Airways	nose, mouth, larynx, trachea, bronchi, branches, alveoli, lungs	19
2555930324	Suffocation	lack of oxygen in the environment or from obstruction of the air passages	20
2555930325	Smothering	closing the external respiratory orifices or by blocking up the cavities of the nose and mouth	21
2555930326	Early Post Mortem Changes	rigor mortis, lividity/hypostasis, body temperature	22
2555930327	Later Post Mortem Changes	putrefaction, adipocere, mummification, skeletalisation, damage by predators	23
2555930328	Rigor Mortis	breakdown of glycogen in muscle, build up of ADP, muscle fibres remain in contracted state	24
2555930329	Timing of Rigor	very variable, temp of surroundings, physical activity before death, warm & flaccid 3 hours, warm & stiff 3-8 hours, cold & stiff 8-36 hours, cold & flaccid more than 36 hours	25
2555930330	Hypostasis	pooling of blood in dependent parts of the body due to gravity, variable in colour	26
2555930331	Body Temperature	37, falls until reaches temp of surroundings, time of death = 37-body temperature + 3	27
2555930332	Putrefaction	red/black discolouration, skin blistering, gaseous, purging of fluid, insect activity, variable time scale	28
2555930333	Mummification	can take months or years and last for years, drying of surface or body	29
2555930334	Adipocere	white fatty change to the body, can develop in a number of weeks, few months	30
2555930335	Skeletalisation	may take as little as a few months	31
2556033805	Body Fluids	blood, saliva, semen	32
2556035033	Presumptive Colour Tests For Blood Stains	iron serves as a catalyst for an oxidation reaction, phenolphthalein test, colourless to pink	33
2556036831	Fluorescence Based Presumptive Tests For Blood	spray area of interest, observe & document in darkness, luminal blue	34
2556039658	Confirmatory Tests	crystal tests, targets the non protein heme groups	35
2556040470	Species Identification	precipitin test, based on antibody/antigen complex formation	36
2556041300	Presumptive test for semen	visual and alternative light tests, acid phosphate test	37
2556041769	Acid Phosphate Test	detects protein in the seminal fluid, is not a test for sperm, intense purple colour, removes phosphates from proteins	38
2556043230	Confirmation tests for semen	christmas tree stain, semen strip test, prostate specific antigen	39
2556044343	presumptive starch iodine test	starch appears blue as amylase breaks down starch blue disappears	40
2556045693	confirmatory tests for saliva	based on antibody that is specific for the amylase variant that is present in human saliva	41
2556060181	Forensic Pathologist	duty to investigate all sudden & unexplained deaths aswell as deaths in suspicious circumstances	42
2556064211	Purpose of Autopsy	ascertain the cause of death, help exclude suspicious circumstances, help determine circumstances surrounding the death, identification	43
2556068918	External Exam	rigor mortis, hypostasis, general features, injuries	44
2556069589	Internal Exam	removal of major organs, examination of each organ, body cavities, skeleton	45
2556073937	Further Investigations	toxicology, histology, neuropathology, immunology	46
2574010964	Defence Wounds	back of forearm, wrist, hand, palm of hand, thigh, shins	47
2574016834	Description of stab wounds	direction, depth, approximate force, internal structures damaged	48