Phylogeny Flashcards
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| 3804022035 | What were the first organisms | Heterotrophs; anaerobes | 0 | |
| 3804022036 | What was the early atmosphere composed of | Hydrogen, Ammonia, methane, water | 1 | |
| 3804022037 | What is todays atmosphere | mostly nitrogen and oxygen | 2 | |
| 3804022038 | geographic isolation | when separated geographically, speciation may occur | 3 | |
| 3804022039 | What defines two separate species? | the two cannot reproduce | 4 | |
| 3804022040 | Divergent Evolution | the process by which two populations of the same species end up having different behaviors and traits- they evolve away from each other | 5 | |
| 3804022041 | convergent evolution | when two species develop similar structures becoming more alike - Does NOT lead to speciation - Will NEVER become the same species | 6 | |
| 3804022042 | homologous structures | fundamentally similar structures that shared a common ancestry - human arm and whale fin | 7 | |
| 3804022043 | analogous structures | structures that share a similar function, but are fundamentally different and did not evolve from the same ancestor but rather speciation -bat and insect wing | 8 | |
| 3804022044 | vestigial structures | structures that's purpose become meaningless through evolution - appendix in humans and leg bone in snakes | 9 | |
| 3804022045 | what is the order of phylogeny | Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species | 10 | |
| 3804022046 | Who developed the binomial system | Carolus Linnaeus | 11 | |
| 3804022047 | binomial system | the scientific naming of organisms use their genus and species | 12 | |
| 3804022048 | The Domain | Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya | 13 | |
| 3804022049 | Bacteria | prokaryotes include photosynthetic cyanobacteria | 14 | |
| 3804022050 | Archaea | prokaryotes extremophiles | 15 | |
| 3804022051 | halophiles | salt loving extremophiles | 16 | |
| 3804022052 | thermophiles | heat loving extremophiles | 17 | |
| 3804022053 | methanogens | extremophiles that produce methane | 18 | |
| 3804022054 | What are the Kingdoms | Protistia, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia | 19 | |
| 3804022055 | Protists | eukaryotic unicellular or multicellular Main groups are -protazoa (animal like) -algae (plant like) -protists (fungi like) | 20 | |
| 3804022056 | phylum rhizopoda (amoeba) | Protazoa unicellular and use pseudopodia extensions to move around. Some are parasitic. | 21 | |
| 3804022057 | phylum apicomplexa (sporozoans) | algae (protist) all parasites that reproduce asexually and sexually | 22 | |
| 3804022058 | phylum ciliophora (ciliates) | protazoa use cilia to move. paramecium | 23 | |
| 3804022059 | myxomycota and acraziomycota (slime molds) | protist multinucleated slime molds yooooo | 24 | |
| 3804022060 | euglenophyta (euglena) | algae (protist) unicellular photosynthetic algae that move using flagellum | 25 | |
| 3804022061 | bacillariophyta (diatoms) | algae (protist) Have glass like walls that form diatomaceous earth which is an important filtering medium. very important. | 26 | |
| 3804022062 | phaeophyta (brown algae) | algae (protist) multicellular photosynthetic algae | 27 | |
| 3804022063 | Whart are the two main categories of plants | nonvascular and vascular Vascular -> seedless and seed seed-> gynosperm (non-flowering) and angopsperms (flowering) | 28 | |
| 3804022064 | Bryophyta (nonvascular plants) | plant lack the xylem and phloem. must live in damp areas ex- moss, liverworts, hornworts | 29 | |
| 3804022065 | pterophyta (ferns) | plant earliest vascular plants true stems leaves and roots have spores | 30 | |
| 3804022066 | coniferophyta (conifers) | plant true vascular produce cones that carry naked seeds gymnspores (dont flower) | 31 | |
| 3804022067 | anthophyta (flowering plants) | true vascular plants produce flower, pollen, and protected seeds | 32 | |
| 3804022068 | types of flowering plants | monocots- single seed leaves dicots- two seed leaves | 33 | |
| 3804022069 | Fungi | eukaryotic decomposers multinucleated | 34 | |
| 3804022070 | Zygmoycota | fungi sexual reproduction molds and mycorrhizae (mutualists with trees) | 35 | |
| 3804022071 | basiodomycota (club fungi) | mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi | 36 | |
| 3804022072 | phylum porifera (sponges) | -sessile (nonmoving) -perforated -water and food drawn in through holes and ingested | 37 | |
| 3804022073 | phylum cnidaria (coelenterates) | animals -body walls two layers of cells thick -central sac-like digestive system -radial symmetry ex. hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones |  | 38 |
| 3804022074 | phylum platyhelminthes (flatworm) | -bilateral symmetry -moderate cephalization (head) ex. planaria, flukes, and parasitic tapeworms | 39 | |
| 3804022075 | phylum mollusca (mollusks | -soft bodied with hard external shell ex. octopi, squid, snails, oysters, clam | 40 | |
| 3804022076 | what are the main body regions of a mollusk | a FOOT for movement a VISCERAL MASS to contain organs a MANTLE which may secrete a shell | 41 | |
| 3804022077 | phylum annelida (segmented worms) | -closed circulation w/ mouth and anus -metanephridia | 42 | |
| 3804022078 | metanephridia | where segmented worms excrete wastes from | 43 | |
| 3804022079 | phylum arthropoda (arthropods) | - most diverse group of animals -segmented body with a head, thorax and abdomen -open circulatory system ex. crustaceans, insects, arachnids | 44 | |
| 3804022080 | what are malpighian tubules | where arthropods excrete wastes | 45 | |
| 3804022081 | phylum echinoderms (echinoderms) | - slow moving animals -radial symmetry -spiny exsoskeletons -water vascular systems with tube feet ex. sea star, sea urchins, sand dollars | 46 | |
| 3804022082 | phylum chordata (chordates) | hollow notochord and dorsal nerve cord gill slits tail | 47 | |
| 3804022083 | class chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) | -flexible skeletons with cartilage -some lay eggs, some bear young ex. sharks and sting rays | 48 | |
| 3804022084 | class osteichthyes (bony fish) | -true bone skeletons -lay shell lacking eggs ex. bass, tuna, trout | 49 | |
| 3804022085 | class amphiba (amphibians) | -eggs lack shells -aquatic larval stage and metamorphosis into terrestrial ex. frogs, salamanders | 50 | |
| 3804022086 | class reptile (reptiles) | -thick scaly shells -shelled eggs -breathe air through lungs ex. snakes, lizards | 51 | |
| 3804022087 | class aves (birds) | -tetrapods with forelimbs adapted to be wings -shelled eggs -endothermic ex. its a fudging bird do i really need to give you an example | 52 | |
| 3804022088 | class mammal (mammals) | -endothermic -hair and mammaries -bear live young ex. giraffes, elephants, rats, pangolins, kiwis, stop me? just try | 53 | |
| 3804022089 | which of the classes evolved first | Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals (FARBM) | 54 | |
| 3804022090 | sessile | nonmoving | 55 | |
| 3804022091 | monocot | -one cotyledon (seed) -leaf circles the stem -floral parts in threes -scattered vascular bundles -fibrous roots |  | 56 |
| 3804022092 | dicots | -two cotyledons -expanded leaf blades -floral parts in four or fives -vascular budles in a circle -taproot system |  | 57 |
| 3804022093 | cotyledons | first leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant | 58 |