AP US History - Chapter 25 Vocabulary Flashcards

2401809627	Margaret Sanger	American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood.	0
2401809628	Alice Paul	Head of the National Woman's party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking.	1
2401809629	ERA	Equal Rights Amendment - Amendment to guarantee equal rights for women, introduced in 1923 but not passed by Congress until 1972; it failed to be ratified by the states.	2
2401809630	Al Capone	Prohibition gangster, made a fortune in gambling, alcohol and prostitution-based activities.	3
2401809631	Prohibition	Period between the Eighteenth Amendment of 1919, the prohibition amendment that made the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages illegal, and the Twenty-first Amendment of 1933, which repealed the prohibition.	4
2401809632	Fundamentalism	Anti-modernist Protestant movement started in the early twentieth century that proclaimed the literal truth of the Bible; the name came from The Fundamentals, published by conservative leaders.	5
2401809633	Scopes Trial	Darwinian (influenced by jazz age and new scientific ideas) against Fundamentalist (the Bible and Creationism); John Scopes convicted for teaching Darwinism (defended by Clarence Darrow); Scopes found guilty	6
2401809634	Clarence Darrow	Renowned Chicago trial lawyer and confessed agnostic who was the defense attorney in the Scopes "monkey" trial of 1925; he ultimately lost but the ruling was merely a gesture and was overturned by the Tennessee Supreme Court on a technicality.	7
2401809635	WJ Bryan	Former secretary of state who became a fundamentalist leader whose following, prestige, and eloquence made the movement a popular crusade; in 1921 Bryan sparked a drive for laws to prohibit the teaching of evolution in the public schools, and in 1925 he served for the prosecution in the Scopes "monkey" trial, winning a hollow victory and dying a few days after the trial.	8
2401809636	Quota laws	In 1910, Congress passed immigration quotas, maximum limits on the number of people who could immigrate from each country to a particular country during a one-year period. Immigrants from European countries could only be 3% of the number of its nationals living in the U.S.	9
2401809637	Sacco & Vanzetti	The most celebrated criminal case of the postwar period involving two Italian-born anarchists, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, who were arrested for a robbery and murder and later executed; a belief persists in some quarters that they were sentenced for their political ideas and their ethnic origins rather than for any crime they had committed, and the case became a great radical and liberal cause celebre of the 1920s.	10
2401809638	Nativism	A policy favoring native-born American over immigrants. Overall paradigm of many.	11
2401809639	KKK	Organized in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1866 to terrorize former slaves who voted and held political offices during Reconstruction; a revived organization in the 1910s and 1920s stressed white, Anglo-Saxon, fundamentalist Protestant supremacy; the Klan revived a third time to fight the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s in the South.	12
2401809640	New Woman	a woman of the turn of the 20th century often from the middle class who dressed practically, moved about freely, lived apart from her family, and supported herself	13
2401809641	New Negro	spirit of black racial pride and militany that set a younder generation of AA artists and civil rights leaders apart from their predecessors, Idea that promoted "'Negro Nationalism' which exalted blackness, black cultural expression and...black exclusiveness.'"	14
2401809642	Modernism—philosophy, literature, art	Movement sprung from postwar disillusionment among young artists, writers, and intellectuals, as new technologies, new modes of transportation and communication, and new scientific discoveries combined to rupture perceptions of reality, challenge old modes of thought, and generate new forms of artistic expression; first emerged in Europe at the end of the nineteenth century and became a pervasive international force by 1920.	15
2401809643	Newton	Example of traditional scientific thinking....said that the universe could be described by scientific laws. This orderly view of nature was challenged by new theories from Einstein, Planck and Heisenberg.	16
2401809644	Theory of Relativity	Theory elaborated by Albert Einstein, a German physicist, which maintained that space, time, and mass were not absolutes but relative to the location and motion of the observer.	17
2401809645	Flappers	carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom.	18
2401809646	Women's employment	Gave rise to female disposable income and thus female independence.	19
2401809647	Social values	Social mores changed dramatically during the era after World War I. Casual sex became more acceptable, as did short dresses, the consumption of alcohol, new forms of recreation and music. There was a revolution in manners and morals, and a huge disconnect between urban and rural values.	20
2401809648	Carrie Chapman Catt	Feminist who was head of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) during the debate over and ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment.	21
2401809649	19th Amendment	1920 Amendment that granted women the right to vote.	22
2401809650	Mencken	An American journalist who was famous for his satirical reporting of the Scopes "Monkey Trial" who fought for civil liberties for all men. Strong supporter of the Bill of Rights, founder of the magazine "American Mercury." He criticized everything.	23