Ch. 2 Notes Why do psychology? hindsight bias: tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it after you learn something you say that you already knew that overconfidence: we tend to think we know more than we do confirmation bias: leads observers to expect certain outcomes what is expected of you people expect you to perform at the level that is set as the best you can do The Scientific Approach: A Search for Laws basic assumption: events are governed by some lawful order; laws are already set in place getting to school on time doing your homework Goals: Measurement and description Understanding and prediction Application and control Flowchart of steps in a scientific investigation Step 1: Formulate a hypothesis Step 2: Design the study