Chapter 10: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe Flashcards

2128591148	What was known as the middle ages?	Fall of Rome until the 15th century	0
2128592613	All of Europe converts from polytheism to what?	Christianity	1
2128594272	What were Western Europeans called?	Pagans	2
2128763871	What areas were Arabs a threat to and why?	Spain and Italy; because they were a strong sea & land power	3
2128766037	How did Europeans see the Muslims?	As a rival religion	4
2128767865	What were the three continuities of Europeans?	University tradition, Gothic architecture, and devotion to Christianity	5
2128810429	When was the period of chaotic conditions?	500s to 900s	6
2128811304	What did the fall of Rome lead to because public services ceased to function?	Decline of cities	7
2128815380	Who was the only group that was literate?	Clergy	8
2128815976	What is manorialism?	Everyone lived on feudal manors and each manor functioned as an individual country, similar to feudalism	9
2128818231	Who were serfs?	Peasants that lived on each manor	10
2128819586	What was the moldboard plow?	A steel plow that alleviated farming and increased the food production rate	11
2128822196	What was the only solid organization?	Catholic church	12
2128822917	What did the Pope in Rome become like?	An emperor	13
2128824305	What were the clergy like?	Corrupt and tempted by worldly desires	14
2128825849	What did corrupt clergy lead to?	Catholic reform movements	15
2128827256	What did the Christian faith need to be balanced with?	Rational philosophy	16
2128831568	Where did Rome gain classical knowledge from?	Italy, Byzantium, and Muslim Spain	17
2128837193	Who was St. Bernard of Clairvaux?	A person who preached the absolute worship of God, faith is everything	18
2128839965	Who was Thomas Aquinas?	A person who didn't have much faith, thought it was important to question everything	19
2128843061	Which two icons did Christians pray to to get what they wanted from God?	Mary and Saints	20
2128843779	What did medieval art focus on?	The church	21
2128845651	What were the two types of architecture?	Romanesque and Gothic Churches	22
2128848106	What is non-religious text called?	Secular writing	23
2128849727	What are the three most famous secular writings?	Baywolf, Canterberry Tales, and Song of Roland	24
2128851996	What happened around 1000 CE?	Trade began to revive and goods were exchanged at local fairs	25
2128855213	What goods did Rome, the Low Countries, England, and Scandinavia trade?	Rome-foodstuffs Low Countries-cloth England-wool Scandinavia-lumber & furs	26
2128858772	What three regions converted to Christianity and had animism & paganism wiped out?	Britain, Germany, and Scandinavia	27
2128875657	What was the largest kingdom in France?	Carolingian dynasty	28
2128876783	Who was Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer)?	A guy who stopped the Muslims from conquering France in 732 CE	29
2128880347	Who was Charlemagne?	The greatest king of France, crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope in 800 CE	30
2128884299	What language did churches use?	Latin	31
2128886232	What invention increased agricultural productivity and military ability?	Horse collar and stirrup	32
2128888189	Noble rank was based on what?	Land ownership	33
2128890907	What is feudalism?	System of obligation; everyone worked, had their own job	34
2128893180	What was the first dynasty in France?	Capetian	35
2128894655	Who took control of England in 1066 CE and what was the rule called?	William the Conqueror; Norman	36
2128896620	What two factors characterized England's legislature?	Magna Carta and Parliament	37
2128899322	Who was the 100 years war between?	England and France	38
2128901055	What was the reconquista?	Spanish attempt to drive out Muslims from Iberia, successful	39
2128904772	What did the commercial cities of the Baltic form?	The Hanseatic League Trade Alliance	40
2128910990	What two luxury goods came into demand?	Silk and spices	41
2128914171	What were the two purposes of guilds?	To protect members and control quality	42
2129012123	What did people begin to form to finance expeditions?	Capitalistic trading companies	43
2129015126	What was the women's status in Rome compared to that of Arabs?	Women were less segregated but gradually lost status	44
2129022580	What crucial invention was brought from China?	Gunpowder	45
2129025965	What three nations become dominant after the 100 years war?	England, France, and Spain	46
2129028521	What two things did the Black Death of 1348 lead to?	Population decline and social change	47
2129033288	What two things made knights and castles obsolete?	Cannon and Artillery	48
2129036755	Why was there a dispute over the pope at Avignon?	No one knew who the "true" pope was	49
2129038594	What characterized the start of Modern Europe?	End of feudalism	50
2129040247	What were the continuities of Europe?	Expansionist tendencies, firm Christian belief system, political innovation, distinct architecture, and capitalist impulse	51