Chapter 5 Friedland Flashcards
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| 3205504005 | ecosystem diversity | the variety of ecosystems within a given region | 0 | |
| 3205504006 | species diversity | the variety of species within a given ecosystem | 1 | |
| 3205504007 | genetic diversity | the variety of genes within a given species | 2 | |
| 3205504008 | species richness | the number of species in a given area | 3 | |
| 3205504009 | species evenness | the relative proportion of different species in a given area | 4 | |
| 3205504010 | phylogenies | the branching patterns of evolutionary relationships | 5 | |
| 3205504011 | evolution | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time | 6 | |
| 3205504012 | microevolution | evolution occurring below the species level | 7 | |
| 3205504013 | macroevolution | evolution that gives rise to new species, genera, families, classes, or phyla | 8 | |
| 3205504014 | genes | a physical location on the chromosomes within each cell of an organism | 9 | |
| 3205504015 | genotype | the complete set of genes in an individual | 10 | |
| 3205504016 | mutation | a random change in the genetic code produced by a mistake in the copying process | 11 | |
| 3205504017 | recombination | the genetic process by which one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome during reproductive cell division | 12 | |
| 3205504018 | phenotype | a set of traits expressed by an individual | 13 | |
| 3205504019 | evolution by artificial selection | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of humans selecting which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind | 14 | |
| 3205504020 | evolution by natural selection | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of the environment determining which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce | 15 | |
| 3205504021 | fitness | an individual's ability to survive and reproduce | 16 | |
| 3205504022 | adaptations | a trait that improves an individual's fitness | 17 | |
| 3205504023 | genetic drift | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating | 18 | |
| 3205504024 | bottleneck effect | a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size | 19 | |
| 3205504025 | founder effect | a change in a population descended from a small number of colonizing individuals | 20 | |
| 3205504026 | geographical isolation | physical separation of a group of individuals from others of the same species | 21 | |
| 3205504027 | reproductive isolation | the result of two populations within a species evolving separately so they can no longer interbreed and produce viable offspring | 22 | |
| 3205504028 | allopatric speciation | the process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation | 23 | |
| 3205504029 | sympatric speciation | the evolution of one species into two, without geographic isolation | 24 | |
| 3205504030 | genetic engineering | the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits | 25 | |
| 3205504031 | genetically modified organisms | an organism produced by copying genes from a species with a desirable trait and inserting them into another species | 26 | |
| 3205504032 | fundamental niche | the suite of ideal environmental conditions for a species | 27 | |
| 3205504033 | realized niche | the range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives | 28 | |
| 3205504034 | distribution | areas of the world in which a species lives | 29 | |
| 3205504035 | niche generalists | a species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions | 30 | |
| 3205504036 | niche specialists | a species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat or to feed on a small group of species | 31 | |
| 3205504037 | fossils | the remains of an organism that has been preserved in rock | 32 | |
| 3205504038 | mass extinction | a large extinction of species in a relatively short period of time | 33 |