Friedland 10 Flashcards

3729505443	tragedy of the commons	the tendency of a shared, limited resource to become depleted because people act from self interest for short term gain	0
3729505444	externality	the cost or benefit of a good or service that is not included in the purchase price of that good or service	1
3729505445	maximum sustainable yield	the maximum amount of a renewable resource that can be harvested without compromising the futur availability of that resource	2
3729505446	resource conservation ethic	the belief that people should maximize the use of resources, based on the greatest good for everyone	3
3729505447	multiple use lands	a US classification used to designate lands that may be used for recreation, grazing, timber harvesting, and mineral extraction	4
3729505448	rangelands	a dry, open grassland	5
3729505449	forest	land dominated by trees and other woody vegetation and sometimes used for commercial logging	6
3729505450	clear cutting	a method of harvesting trees that involves removing all or almost all of the trees within an area	7
3729505451	selective cutting	the method of harvesting trees that involves the removal of single trees or a relatively small number of trees from among many in a forest	8
3729505452	ecologically sustainable forestry	an approach to removing trees from forests in ways that do not unduly affect the viability of other trees	9
3729505453	tree plantations	a large area typcally planted with a single rapidly growing tree species	10
3729505454	prescribed burn	a fire deliberately set under controlled conditions in order to reduce the accumulation of dead biomass on a forest floor	11
3729505455	national wildlife refuges	a federal public land managed for the primary purpose of protecting wildlife	12
3729505456	national wilderness areas	an area set aside with the intent of preserving a large tract of intact ecosystem or a landscape	13
3729505457	National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)	a 1969 US federal act that mandates an environmental assessment of all projects involving federal money or federal permits	14
3729505458	Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)	a documnt outlining the scope and purpose of a development project, describing the environmental context, suggesting alternative approaches to the project, and analyzing the environmental impact of each alternative	15
3729505459	environmental mitigation plan	a plan that outlines how a developer will address concerns raised by a project's impact on the environment	16
3729505460	suburban	an area surrounding a metropolitan center, with a comparatively low population density	17
3729505461	exurban	an area similar to a suburb, but unconnected to any central city or densely populated area	18
3729505462	urban sprawl	urbanized areas that spread into rural areas, removing clear boundaries between the two	19
3729505463	urban blight	the degradation of the built and social environments of the city that often accompanies and accelerates migration to the suburbs	20
3729505464	highway trust fund	a US federal fund that pays for the construction and maintenance of roads and highways	21
3729505465	induced demand	the phenomenon in which inrease in the supply of a good causes demand to grow	22
3729505466	zoning	a planning tool used to separate industry and business from residential neighborhoods	23
3729505467	multi-use zoning	a zoning classification that allows retail and high density residential development to coexist in the same area	24
3729505468	subsidized mortgages	a program that allowed people who otherwise could not afford a house to purchase one	25
3729505469	smart growth	a set of principles for community planning that focuses on strategies to encourage the development of sustainable, healthy communities	26
3729505470	stakeholders	a person or organization with an interest in a particular place or issue	27
3729505471	sense of place	the feeling that an area has distinct and meaningful character	28
3729505472	transit-oriented development	development that attempts to focus dense residential and retail development aroud stops for public transportation, a component of smart growth	29
3729505473	infill	development that fills in vacant lots within existing communities	30
3729505474	urban growth boundaries	a restriction on development outside a designated area	31
3729505475	eminent domain	a principle that grants government the power to acquire a property at fair market value even if the owner does not wish to sell it	32