Photosynthesis Flashcards

5347434977	Photosystem 1 (PS1)	A light capturing enzyme in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast; reduces NADP+ to NADPH.	0
5347434978	Photosystem 2 (PS2)	A light capturing enzyme in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast; splits water into electrons, protons, and oxygen gas.	1
5347434979	Electron Transport Chain	moves high energy electrons from PS2 and PS1 and uses the lost energy from the electrons to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid.	2
5347434980	ATP Synthase	A large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP to an inorganic phosphate to produce ATP	3
5347434981	NADPH	An electron carrier involved in photosynthesis, which provides the high-energy electrons for the fixation of carbon dioxide to sugar in the Calvin cycle.	4
5347434982	ATP	(adenosine triphosphate) the main energy source for all cells; a molecule that is catabolized to release energy to drive metabolic processes	5
5347434983	Light Dependent Reactions	reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to split water, produce ATP, NADPH, and molecular oxygen	6
5347434984	Oxygen	Released to the atmosphere when water is split in PS2	7
5347434985	Water	This is split in PS2, called Hydrolysis	8
5347434986	Photons	Light energy	9
5347434987	Thylakoid space	H+ ions build up here	10
5347434988	H+ ions	diffuse down their concentration gradient to spin ATP Synthase to convert ADP -> ATP	11
5347434991	NADPH	one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules, an electron carrier that provides the high-energy electrons needed to make carbon-hydrogen bonds in the third stage of photosynthesis	12
5347434992	ATP	Similar structure to ATP but has only 2 phosphate groups. Partly charged, adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that stores and then releases energy in living organisms	13
5347434993	Rubisco	Ribulose carboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP, or ribulose bisphosphate).	14
5347434994	photon	a tiny particle or packet of light energy	15
5347434995	red light waves	longer wavelength (lower frequency) than violet but shorter (higher frequency) than infrared waves	16
5347434996	blue light waves	are shorter wavelengths (but higher frequency) used in photosynthesis.	17
5347434998	Calvin Cycle	reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars	18
5347435000	electron transport chain	the series of molecules down which excited electrons are passed in a thylakoid membrane	19
5347435001	thylakoid membrane	Contains pigments, photosystems, ATP synthase, and an electron transport train and is responsible for the light-dependent aspect of photosynthesis.	20
5347435002	ATP Synthase	large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP	21
5347435003	ADP	Adenosine diphosphate that is converted to ATP for energy storage	22
5347435004	chloroplast	organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy	23
5347435005	stomata	the small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move	24
5347435006	molecular oxygen	comes from life, photosynthesis in plants and algae	25
5347435007	water and Carbon dioxide	besides energy what 2 things do the cells need to make sugar?	26
5347435008	energy source for photosythesis	light	27
5347435009	chlorophyll	green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis	28
5347435010	Hydrogen ions	pumped from matrix to intermembrane space; move through ATP synthase to make ATP	29
5347435012	glucose	Sugar, Manufactured during photosynthesis, Main source of energy for plants and animals, Metabolized during cellular respiration	30
5347435017	stroma	The solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast.	31
5347435018	Calvin cycle	Another name for the light independent reaction.	32
5347435019	carbon dioxide	Gas that diffuses into leaves through stomata and combines with RuBP.	33
5347435020	RuBP	5-carbon sugar that CO2 is attached to when it enters the light independent reaction.	34
5347435025	ATP	Used in the light independent reaction to rearrange a 3 carbon sugar, and to regenerate RuBP.	35
5347435026	glucose	An example of a 6-carbon sugar that can be made from 2x 3 carbon molecules in the light independent reaction.	36
5347435027	thylakoids	sac-like photosynthetic membranes, on the diagram they are each individual member of a stack	37
5347435028	granum	stack of thylakoids	38
5347435029	stroma	region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts	39
5347435030	light dependent reactions	reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light and water to produce ATP and oxygen that is released into the atmosphere	40
5347435031	Calvin Cycle / Light Independent reactions	plants use ATP and CO2 to produce high-energy sugars such as glucose	41
5347435032	What is the function of ATP?	Provides small amounts of energy for cellular reactions to take place.	42
5347435034	Where do light dependent reactions take place?	within the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast	43
5347435035	Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?	stroma	44
5347435036	What molecules are NEEDED for photosynthesis?	carbon dioxide and water	45
5347435037	What molecules are PRODUCED in photosynthesis?	glucose and oxygen	46
5347435038	chloroplast	organelle where photosynthesis occurs	47
5347435039	What pigment makes plants green?	chlorophyll	48
5347435040	light-independent reaction are also called	Calvin Cycle, named after Melvin Calvin who discovered these reactions	49
5347435042	e- is passed down from acceptor to acceptor	like a bucket bridgade	50
5347435044	energy from e- is used to	make ATP	51
5347435048	Energy in movement of energized e-	used to pull H+ from the stroma into the lumen	52
5347435049	To create a proton gradient	high concentration of H+ in the lumen and low concentration of H+ in the stroma	53
5347435050	ATP synthase	H+ naturally moving through the ATP synthase gives energy necessary to add a P to ADP to make ATP	54
5347435051	Calvin Cycle	Light Independent Reactions	55
5347435052	5 Carbon Sugar combined with Co2	by enzyme RuBisCo	56
5347435053	Combining of 5C sugar and Co2	produces 6C sugar	57
5347435054	6C sugar	very unstable	58
5347435055	Because of instability	6C sugar splits into two 3C units	59
5347435056	Energy from ATP and NADPH	used to rearrange 3C units	60
5347435057	Carbon Re-organizer	Series of reactions that reforms the 5C sugar and sets aside 1 Carbon to be used in glucose from the two 3C units	61
5347435059	chlorophyll	Absorbs light energy. Pigment that gives a plant its green color. Found in the chloroplast	62
5347435060	chloroplast	organelle where photosynthesis takes place.	63
5347435061	oxygen	product of photosynthesis	64
5347435062	carbon dioxide	Gas taken in and used during photosynthesis.	65
5347435063	leaf	the part of the plant where most photosynthesis takes place	66
5347435064	light energy	energy from the sun that is used by plants to produce their own food by the process of photosynthesis	67
5347435065	stomata	tiny holes in the leaves of the plant where gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and exit	68
5347435066	Photosynthesis	converting light energy to the chemical energy of food, in plants	69
5347435069	Glucose	the type of sugar made during photosynthesis	70
5347435070	product	a substance that is formed by a chemical reaction	71
5347435071	reactants of photosynthesis	carbon dioxide and water	72
5347435072	products of photosynthesis	glucose and oxygen	73
5347435073	photosynthesis	the process that autotrophs use to convert sunlight into food (glucose)	74
5347435074	thylakoid membrane	the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis happens here	75
5347435075	stroma	the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis happens here	76
5347435076	ATP + NADPH	products of light reaction that go to the light-independent reaction	77
5347435077	ADP + NADP+	products of the light-independent reaction that go to the light-dependent reaction	78
5347435078	reactants of photosynthesis	carbon dioxide and water	79
5347435079	products of photosynthesis	glucose and oxygen	80
5347435082	stroma	the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis happens here	81
5347435083	ATP + NADPH	products of light reaction that go to the light-independent reaction	82
5347435084	ADP + NADP+	products of the light-independent reaction that go to the light-dependent reaction	83