AP World History Vocab Flashcards

1056846348	Ashoka	(269-323 BCE); Chandragupta's grandson; gained control of all but India's southern tip; supporter of Buddhism; spread it throughout India but respected other religions; built extensive networks of roads	0
1056846349	Legalism	A Chinese philosophy that was devoted to strengthen and expand the state through increased agricultural work and military service. human nature is naturally selfish; intellectualism and literacy is discouraged; law is supreme authority and replaces morality; harsh, strong laws needed	1
1056846350	Hoplite	A citizen-soldier of the Ancient Greek City-states. They were primarily armed as spear-men.	2
1056846352	Consul	A chief executive officer of the Roman Republic; two were elected each year, one to run the government and one to lead the army into battle	3
1056846354	Third Century Crisis	Historians' term for the political, military, and economic turmoil that beset the Roman Empire during much of the third century C.E.: frequent changes of ruler, civil wars, barbarian invasions, decline of urban centers, and near-destruction of long-distance commerce and the monetary economy. After 284 C.E. Diocletian restored order by making fundamental changes.	4
1056846355	Zoroastrianism	A religion originating in ancient Iran with the prophet Zoroaster. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahuramazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good and evil	5
1056846356	Ibn Khaldun	Arab historian. He developed an influential theory on the rise and fall of states. Born in Tunis, he spent his later years in Cairo as a teacher and judge. In 1400 he was sent to Damascus to negotiate the surrender of the city.	6
1056846357	Olmec	The first Mesoamerican civilization. Between ca. 1200 and 400 B.C.E., the Olmec people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction. Precursor to Maya and Aztec	7
1056846358	Abu Bakr	1st caliph. Minority were for Ali (Muhammad's cousin)(Shia) and Majority were for Abu (Sunni)	8
1056846359	Umayyad	One of the caliphates after the death of Muhammad; continued the Muslim conquests; tended to favor the rights of the old Arab families, and in particular their own, over those of newly converted Muslims (mawali); constructed famous buildings such as the Dome of the Rock at Jerusalem, and the Umayyad Mosque at Damascus	9
1056846360	Justinian & Theodora	Byzantine Emperor and Empress; greatly expanded Byzantine Empire; carried on Roman culture and Law; Theodora had real power that was shared with Justinian	10
1056846361	Flying Money	Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency	11
1056846362	Daimyo	A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai	12
1056846363	Fief	An estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty	13
1056846364	Serf	A medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate	14
1056846365	Ecomienda	a system in which spanish monarchs gave land to colonist. These landowners were granted the right to force Indians living there to work the land	15
1056846366	Jesuit	Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.	16
1056846367	Glorious Revolution	1688; the parliament deposed King James II, a Roman Catholic who had asserted royal rights over the rights of Parliament. Parliament gave the crown to the Protestant King William III, a Dutch prince, and his British wife, Queen Mary II (daughter of James II), as joint rulers. When the crown was offered to William and Mary, they agreed to a Bill of Rights that severely limited the king or queen's power. The British Bill of Rights is often regarded as a forerunner to the United States Bill of Rights.	17