Forensic Science: Processing the Crime Scene Flashcards
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| 5332805032 | What are the seven S's of a Crime Scene Investigation? | Secure the scene Separate the witnesses Scan the scene See if the investigation gathers all photos & info Sketch the scene Search the evidence Secure the evidence | 0 | |
| 5332805033 | What are the first priorities of the first arriving officer? | Obtain medical assistance for anyone who is injured Detain suspects/witnesses Secure & control the crime scene Establish a crime scene perimeter Call for any additional personnel Establish a crime scene entry control log | 1 | |
| 5332805034 | How does one establish a crime scene perimeter? | Identify primary focal points Indoors - possible entry/exits paths if the perpetrator Outdoors - rope off a large area (includes oaths taken by the criminal to/from the central crime scene) Identify possible secondary scenes | 2 | |
| 5332805035 | How does one establish a crime scene entry control log? | Who entered the scene When they entered, when they left Why they entered | 3 | |
| 5332805036 | What does processing a crime scene consists of? | - Surveying the crime scene - Photographing and sketching the crime scene - Recording & documenting the location of physical evidence in notes - Searching for fingerprints and other physical prints - Collection of evidence | 4 | |
| 5332805037 | Surveying the Crime Scene | - Done by the lead investigator - A walk through starts at the outer limits of the crime scene & proceeds toward the center | 5 | |
| 5332805038 | What are the types of search patterns? | Zone/Quadrant Search Straight Line Search (or lane search) Strip Search Grid Search Spiral Search Pattern | 6 | |
| 5332805039 | Zone/Quadrant Search | - Indoor searches (small areas) - Each zone is searched, then zones are switched so that they are searched twice | 7 | |
| 5332805040 | Straight Line Search (or lane search) | - Large number of searchers standing in a line - Each searcher is responsible for their own area - Larger outdoor searchers, mass disasters or when visibility is poor | 8 | |
| 5332805041 | Strip Search | Similar to a strip line search, but used when there are less people available to search a large area | 9 | |
| 5332805042 | Grid Search | - Large outdoor areas - Allows each area to be searched twice - Many searchers - Useful for mass disasters | 10 | |
| 5332805043 | Spiral Search | Involves a single searcher beginning at an object (possibly at a body) and then continuing in widening circles away from that object until the entire area is covered **Not as effective because only one searcher is available | 11 | |
| 5332805044 | How does one document a crime scene? | Note taking Photography Sketching | 12 | |
| 5332805045 | In note taking, what should be included? | - Date & time crime was 1st reported to police - Type of crime - Location of crime - Names of all the officers, witnesses, investigators, etc. at the scene - Weather and lighting conditions at the time of the investigation - Description of all evidence - Description and location of the body - Odors, sounds - Signs of a struggle - Signs of forced entry | 13 | |
| 5332805046 | Examples of the description of all evidence | Color, brand, condition, amount Location where evidence is found Evidence log | 14 | |
| 5332805047 | Evidence Log | Description and location of all evidence including who collected it | 15 | |
| 5332805048 | Examples of the description and location of the body | Gender Clothing Condition of the body (decomposing, wounds, of it's intact) Physical Characteristics (hair color, age, height) | 16 | |
| 5332805049 | What are the technical aspects of photography? | - Tripod is used so that camera is parallel to the floor and avoids shaking - Most objects should be lit from the top - Side lighting for impressions - Depth of Field | 17 | |
| 5332805050 | Depth of Field | - Distance behind and in front of the subject that is in focus - Everything should be in focus (third of the way in) - Object should take the entire screen - Put camera on macro setting for the smaller objects - Do not photograph at an angle - Make sure to not cut off part of the object | 18 | |
| 5332805051 | What are the forensic aspects of the photography? | - Do not move objects until photographed - Overview photographs - Midrange photographs - Close up photographs - Photo log - Can also be videotaped | 19 | |
| 5332805052 | Overview Photographs | - Capture the entire scene and surrounding area, including points if entry/exit - Must show each area floor to ceiling - If indoors, the entire room should be photographed it show each wall area | 20 | |
| 5332805053 | Midrange Photographs | Shows the positioning of evidence and victims relative to fixed points in the room (door, wall, windows) | 21 | |
| 5332805054 | Close-up Photographs | - Victim: full length body shots (head to toe, toe to head, right to left, left to right), close ups of face, close ups of wounds - Each piece if physical evidence should be photographed with and without a ruler | 22 | |
| 5332805055 | Photo log | Case Number Date & time Photographer's name Listing of each photograph (description of location) | 23 | |
| 5332805056 | Sketching | - Accurately portrays the physical facts - Relates the sequence of events at the scene - Establishes the precise location and relationship of objects and evidence at the scene - Creates a mental picture of the scene for those not present - Permanent record of the scene | 24 | |
| 5332805057 | What are two types of crime scene sketches? | Rough and Final | 25 | |
| 5332805058 | Rough Sketch | - Made at the scene - Dimensions of the scene and shows the location of all evidence - Made AFTER photographs are taken and BEFORE anything is moved - Objects are located in the sketch by distance measurements from 2 fixed points - All measurements are made with a tape measure - Assign each piece of evidence a number of letter -- use a legend to identify them - Indicate which direction is north - Measurements are written in the sketch and is not drawn to scale - Case information is written on the sketch | 26 | |
| 5332805059 | What are the types of plotting methods? | Rectangular Coordinates Baseline Method Triangulation Method | 27 | |
| 5332805060 | Rectangular Coordinates | Uses 2 adjacent walls as fixed points as up distances are measured at right angles | 28 | |
| 5332805061 | Baseline Method | Takes measurements along and from a single reference line | 29 | |
| 5332805062 | Triangulation Method | Uses straight-line measurements from 2 fixed points to the evidence, creating a triangle with evidence in the angle formed by 2 straight lines | 30 | |
| 5332805063 | Final Sketch | - Neat - Drawn to scale -- MEASUREMENTS ARE NOT WRITTEN - Scale - Case information, legend, and which direction is north | 31 | |
| 5332805064 | Evidence Packaging | Number Description Location Cats number Date & time Name of the person that collected it | 32 | |
| 5332805065 | Blood/Saliva on surfaces | Collect using cotton swabs Allow to dry first Packaging: paper envelopes/bag Seal and label Control: portion of swab or cloth without blood For dried stains: moisten swab/cloth with distilled water | 33 | |
| 5332805066 | Blood (and other biological fluids) in clothing or small objects | - Collect using gloved hands - Allow to dry first -- clothing is folded in a way to not ruin the stains - Packaging: paper bag - Pack each item separately - Seal and label - Control: area of clothing/object without stains | 34 | |
| 5332805067 | Hairs/Fibers | Collect using tweezers and gloved hands Packaging: paper bindles or pill box Seal and label | 35 | |
| 5332805068 | Bullets/Cases | Collect using gloved hands Packaging: wrap individually in cotton or tissue paper and place in pill box Pack each item separately Seal and label | 36 | |
| 5332805069 | Glass Particles | - Collect using gloved hands - Packaging: wrap in tissue paper and place in either a pill box, plastic vial, or film canister - Seal then place in an additional plastic bag - Seal and label | 37 | |
| 5332805070 | Soil | - Collect using a vacuum or scoopula (loose) or gloved hands (adhering to object) - Packaging: soil adhering to the object should not be remove; air dry and package in paper bag; package air dried loose particles in plastic vial - Seal and label | 38 | |
| 5332805071 | Questioned Documents | Collect using gloved hands Packaging: plastic bag Seal and label **if paper has fluid package in a paper envelope | 39 | |
| 5332805072 | Footprint Cast | Write case info on back of cast Wrap in tissue paper to prevent breakage | 40 | |
| 5332805073 | Powders/Pills in containers | Collect using gloved hands Packaging: seal original container then place in plastic bag Seal and label | 41 | |
| 5332805074 | Powders/Pills loose | Collect using scoopula or forceps Packaging: vial or jar Seal with tape and label | 42 | |
| 5332805075 | Tools/Knife/Gun | - Collect using gloved hands - Packaging: secure info cardboard box and use tissue paper to prevent shifting - Remove any live ammunition from weapons - Seal and label | 43 | |
| 5332805076 | Controls | Used to make sure the tests results you are getting are accurate | 44 | |
| 5332805077 | Chain of Custody | Log that keeps track of the people who have been in possession of the evidence | 45 | |
| 5332805078 | Standard (exemplar) | - Physical evidence whose origin is known - Compared to the unknown evidence during lab analysis to try and determine the source of the evidence | 46 | |
| 5332805079 | What should an investigator do during an interview? | - Develop a plan of action - Conduct the interview privately - Put the interviewee at ease - Perfect questioning techniques -- questions easy are to understand - Select questions carefully -- open ended questions - Let the interviewee do the talking - Be a good listener - Don't challenge answers given - Stay in control of the interview - Take brief notes -- write down the important things - Write a summary immediately after the interview - Learn from experience | 47 | |
| 5332805080 | What is the difference between an interview and an interrogation? | An interview is conducted in an atmosphere where the individual is relaxed and comfortable An interrogation is conducted in an atmosphere where the person is under psychological stress -- know the information about the suspect, victim, and the crime committed | 48 | |
| 5332805081 | What are the two types of criminals? | Emotional and non-emotional | 49 | |
| 5332805082 | Emotional Offenders | - Usually a first time offender and can be broken down easily - Show sympathy towards him - Blames society for his actions - Be friendly towards the offender - Observe physical reactions to questions shows tension (i.e. dry mouth, tapping foot) - Usually confess when confronted with evidence | 50 | |
| 5332805083 | Non-Emotional Offenders | Hardened criminals | 51 | |
| 5332805084 | What are the methods of interrogation used for non-emotional offenders? | Q&A Narrative Method Alibi Factual Method Sweet and Sour Method (good cop/bad cop) Overheard Conversation Method Bluff Method | 52 | |
| 5332805085 | Narrative Method | Stating the crime again as a way to shake them up and hopefully they confess | 53 | |
| 5332805086 | Alibi | Ask where they were at the time of the crime and then follow up to see if it checks out and then re-interrogate | 54 | |
| 5332805087 | Factual Evidence | State the evidence that you already have | 55 | |
| 5332805088 | Overheard Conversation Method | If there are 2 suspects, interrogator can lie and say that the other had already confessed | 56 | |
| 5332805089 | Bluff Method | The interrogator lies about having witnesses and evidence so there is no choice but to tell the truth | 57 |