African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam Flashcards

5254989542	Mansa Musa	Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.	0
5254989543	Stateless societies	African societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states	1
5254989544	secret societies	West African societies whose membership is secret or whose rituals are known only to society members. Their most significant function is the initiation of boys and girls into adulthood	2
5254989545	Ifriqiya	Arabic term for eastern northern Africa	3
5254989546	Maghrib	The Arabic word for western north Africa	4
5254989547	Berbers	A member of a North African, primarily Muslim people living in settled or nomadic tribes from Morocco to Egypt	5
5254989548	Almohadis	A reformist movement among the Islamic Berbers of northern Africa; later than the Almoravids; penetrated into sub-Sahara Africa.	6
5254989549	Ethiopian Kingdom	Christian kingdom in the highlands of eastern Africa	7
5254989550	Axum	The Christian state in Africa that developed its own branch of Christianity, Coptic Christianity, because it was cut off from other Christians due to a large Muslim presence in Africa.	8
5254989551	Ghana	First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. gold and salt trade.	9
5254989552	Sudanic states	Kingdoms that developed during the height of Ghana's power in the region; based at Takrur on the Senegal River to the west and Gao on the Niger River to the east; included Mali and Songhay	10
5254989553	Juula	Malinke merchants; formed small partnerships to carry out trade throughout Mali empire; eventually spread throughout much of West Africa	11
5254989554	Sudiata	"the lion prince" creates a law code and created social arrangements based on clans	12
5254989555	Griots	a west African storyteller	13
5254989556	Mansa Kankan Musa	Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world.	14
5254989557	Timbuktu	City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning.	15
5254989558	Songhay	Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali	16
5254989559	Sunni Ali Ber	(1464-1492) Originally Ali Kolon, a great tactical commander & ruthless leader; his cavalry expanded the borders of and seized the traditional trading cities of Timbuktu & Jenne; middle Niger valley fell under his control & he developed a system of provincial administration to mobilize recruits for the army & rule the far-flung conquests; he was Muslim; succeeded by the Askiya	17
5254989560	Askia	one of the last rulers of Songhai, before it broke apart, recognized as the Muslim ruler of the Niger River Valley	18
5254989561	Muhammad the Great	Extended the boundaries of the Songhay Empire; Islamic ruler of the mid-16th century	19
5254989562	Hausa	An agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa. Aside from their brief incorporation into the Songhai Empire, the Hausa city-states remained autonomous until the Sokoto Calipphate conquered them in the early nineteenth century.	20
5254989563	Sharia	Islamic law; a combination of the Quran and the Hadith.	21
5254989564	Zenji	Arabic term for the people and coast of east Africa.	22
5254989565	Ile-Ife	the holiest Yoruba city; created terra-cotta and bronze portrait heads that rank among the greatest achievements of African art.	23
5254989566	Benin	a kingdom that arose near the Niger River delta in the 1300s and became a major West African state in the 1400s	24
5254989567	Kongo	kingdom based on agriculture; formed on lower Kongo River; capital at Mbanza Kongo; ruled by hereditary monarchy	25
5254989568	Great Zimbabwe	City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state.	26
5254989569	Sahel	Belt south of the Sahara where it transitions into savanna across central Africa. It means literally 'coastland' in Arabic.	27
5254989570	Lalibela	Zagwe king who ruled Ethiopia from about A.D. 1185 to 1225	28
5254989571	Almoravids	A puritanical reformist movement among the Islamic Berber tribes of northern Africa; controlled gold trade across Sahara; conquered Ghana in 1076; moved southward against African kingdoms of the savanna and westward into Spain.	29
5254989572	Ishak al-Sahili	An architect who returned with Kankan Musa to Mali; created a distinctive Sudanic architecture utilizing beaten clay.	30
5254989573	Swahili	Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa.	31
5254989574	Nok	Western Africa's earliest known culture, lived in present day Nigeria, first Africans to smelt iron, Djenne-Djeno (archeology dream site)	32
5254989575	Yoruba	A West African people who formed several kingdoms in what is now Benin and Southern Nigeria.	33
5254989576	Ibn Batuta	Muslim traveler of the middle east and north africa	34
5254989577	Luba	Around 700 A.D. developed a group of loosely associated states in modern day Democratic Republic of Congo. Divine Kings	35
5254989578	Zimbabwe	Central African royal stone courts	36
5254989579	Mwene Mutapa	Name used by Shona people to refer to Mutota that means "conquerer" or "master pillager"	37
5254989580	Islamization	the process of society's acceptance of islam	38
5254989581	Matrilineal	relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother	39
5254989582	Mali	State of the Malinke people, centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers	40