Biochemistry Flashcards

5356278910	Atom	The smallest unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.	0
5356278911	Molecule	The smallest particle in a chemical element or compound. These particles are made up of two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds.	1
5356278912	Covalent bond	A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.	2
5356278913	Ionic bond	A type of chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.	3
5356278915	Macromolecule	A very large molecule, such as protein, commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits (monomers). They are sometimes composed of thousands or more atoms.	4
5356278917	Tissue	Distinct types of material which make up organisms and consist of specialized cells and their products.	5
5356278918	Carbohydrate	A biological molecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms. Examples are sugar, cellulose, chitin and starch.	6
5356278919	Nucleic acid	A large biological molecule made up of nucleotides. Examples are DNA and RNA.	7
5356278920	Protein	A large biological molecule composed of one or more long chains of amino acids. Examples include all enzymes, collagen, keratin, insulin, immunoglobulins, muscle fibers.	8
5356278921	Lipid	A large biological molecule made up of fatty acids that are not soluble water. Examples include fats, waxes, and cholesterol.	9
5356278922	Isotope	each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.	10
5356278924	Enzyme	a protein produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.	11
5356278925	Monomer	a subunit of a bigger molecule, a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.	12
5356278926	Polymer	a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g., many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins.	13
5356278927	Element	each of more than one hundred substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances.	14