Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Megaloblastic Anemia Flashcards

3099917839	Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, which is a cosubstrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine?	0
3099933722	What is the most common genetic cause of hyperhomocysteinemia?	Genetic defects in 5-MTHF reductase.	1
3099976786	What are the functions of methionine?	It is an essential amino acid containing sulfur that acts as a chelating agent for heavy metals, a lipotropin agent to prevent fat buildup in the liver, a protector of cells against aging, and absorbs selenium and zinc.	2
3100027571	How does methionine function in translation?	The amino acid that is coded by the initiation codon AUG.	3
3100046369	Cyanocobalamin	What form of Vitamin B12 is utilized in nutritional supplements?	4
3100058875	Amblyopia	What is the term for eye nerve damage that occurs if a B12 deficiency cannot be treated with cyanocobalamin supplements?	5
3100080036	How can allergies be treated with Vitamin B12?	Can be treated with vitamin B12 supplements, which stimulates TH1 suppressor cells which reduce the production of IgE.	6
3100101641	List 6 Vitamin B12 diagnostic tests:	VB12 level, homocysteine, MMA, MTHFR, FIGLU, Schilling's test (obsolete).	7
3100154900	What are some typical Vitamin B12 deficiency laboratory findings?	Low serum iron, High serum LDH, Increased MMA or homocysteine, hyperhsegmented neutrophils, high MCV, severe pancytopenia, giant bands.	8
3100272742	What are some typical Vitamin B12 deficiency chemistry findings?	Decreased serum haptoglobin binding capacity, normal folate, increased serum iron, increased transferrin saturation, LDH increased, increased unconjugated bilirubin, elevated methylmalonic acid and homocysteine, decreased uric acid.	9
3100334560	What causes pernicious anemia?	Autoimmune disease against Intrinsic Factor or parietal cells of the stomach. Intrinsic factor is crucial for normal absorption of vitamin B12.	10