Biochemistry Flashcards
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| 5356265933 | Proton | Positively charged subatomic particle located in the nucleus. Has a mass of 1 amu. |  | 0 |
| 5356265934 | Neutron | Neutral subatomic particle located in the nucleus. Has a mass of 1 amu. |  | 1 |
| 5356265935 | Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. Made of atoms and molecules. |  | 2 |
| 5356265936 | Element | Atoms with the same atomic number. |  | 3 |
| 5356265937 | Atom | The smallest unit of matter. | 4 | |
| 5356265938 | Electron | Negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus. Has negligible mass. |  | 5 |
| 5356265939 | Nucleus | Center of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons. |  | 6 |
| 5356265940 | Mass Number | Mass of an isotope. It is the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus |  | 7 |
| 5356265941 | Atomic Mass | The average number of protons and neutrons of the relative abundances of an element's different isotopes. |  | 8 |
| 5356265942 | Isotope | Two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons. |  | 9 |
| 5356265943 | Chemical Bond | Forces that hold two atoms together. |  | 10 |
| 5356265944 | Ionic Bond | The electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Forms between a metal and nonmetal. Results from a transfer of valence electrons from the metal to the nonmetal. |  | 11 |
| 5356265945 | Covalent Bond | A chemical bond between nonmetals that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms |  | 12 |
| 5356265946 | Molecule | Two or more atoms covalently bonded together. |  | 13 |
| 5356265947 | Nonpolar Covalent Bond | Chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons equally with each other. |  | 14 |
| 5356265948 | Polar Covalent Bond | Chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms. |  | 15 |
| 5356265949 | Solvent | A substance that is able to dissolve other substances. Often water. |  | 16 |
| 5356265950 | Solute | The substance being dissolved. |  | 17 |
| 5356265951 | Acid | A substance with a pH of less than 7. Usually sour tasting. |  | 18 |
| 5356265952 | Base | A substance with a pH of more than 7. Often soapy tasting. | 19 | |
| 5356265953 | Chemical Reaction | The rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance. | 20 | |
| 5356265954 | Reactant | A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction. | 21 | |
| 5356265955 | Product | The substances that result from this recombination of atoms. | 22 | |
| 5356265956 | Organic Compound | Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen together. | 23 | |
| 5356265957 | Macromolecules | A molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid, and lipids. | 24 | |
| 5356265958 | Polymer | A substance that has a molecular structure consisting of large number of similar units bonded together. | 25 | |
| 5356265959 | Monomer | Single unit that can be bonded together into repeating subunits to form a polymer. | 26 | |
| 5356265960 | Dehydration Synthesis | To covalently join two monomers together. Water is released as a result. | 27 | |
| 5356265961 | Hydrolysis | To break polymer into shorter strands by using water. | 28 | |
| 5356265962 | carbohydrate | Provides short term energy and structure in plants | 29 | |
| 5356265963 | Complex carbohydrate | Polysaccharide of sugars. Starch and cellulose | 30 | |
| 5356265964 | Carb General Formula | 1C: 2H: 1O | 31 | |
| 5356265965 | Monosaccharide | Single sugar, simple sugar. Glucose | 32 | |
| 5356265966 | Disaccharide | 2 sugars, simple sugar. Sucrose | 33 | |
| 5356265967 | Polysaccharide | Many sugars. Cellulose, Glycogen, Chitin | 34 | |
| 5356265968 | Amino Acid | Monomer of a protein | 35 | |
| 5356265969 | Polypeptide | Polymer of protein | 36 | |
| 5356265970 | Protein | Functional unit made of more than one polypeptide chain. | 37 | |
| 5356265975 | Function of Protein | Build and repair tissue, structures, enzymes, membrane transport, immunity | 38 | |
| 5356265976 | Catalyst | Speeds up a chemical reaction | 39 | |
| 5356265977 | Lipid | Hydrophobic hydrocarbons that include: fats, steroids and waxes. Long term energy storage, insulation, membranes, waterproofing, and cushioning organs. | 40 | |
| 5356265982 | Hydrophobic | Water fearing | 41 | |
| 5356265983 | Hydrophilic | Water loving | 42 | |
| 5356265986 | Phospholipid | The lipid with a hydrophilic head and 2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails. Makes up the cell membrane | 43 | |
| 5356265987 | Enzyme | a protein that catalyzes chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy | 44 | |
| 5356265988 | Active site | A place on an enzyme that the substrate binds to | 45 | |
| 5356265989 | Activation Energy | The energy needed for a chemical reaction to progress from substrate (reactants) to products | 46 | |
| 5356265990 | Factors that lower Enzyme Reaction rate | pH, temperature and substrate concentration change | 47 | |
| 5356265991 | Substrate | Molecule binds to an enzyme to either be broken down or polymerized. | 48 |