Biochemistry Flashcards

5256094312	Carbon compounds	contain carbon, make up living things Can form 4 bonds Bonds can be with other elements or carbon Can be lots of shapes and sizes	0
5256100485	Functional groups	Special groups of atoms that usually participate in reactions Give different compounds different properties All functional groups important to life are polar	1
5256108068	Hydrophilic	Water loving	2
5256110445	Hydrophobic	Water hating	3
5256115857	Macromolecules	Gigantic molecules, thousands of atoms	4
5256124219	4 Types of Macromolecules	Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids	5
5256129938	Monomers	Individual building blocks of polymers	6
5256134008	Polymers	Chains of identical or similar molecules	7
5256141905	Carbohydrates	Main source of energy for cellular work	8
5256148960	Organic	Mostly carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H)	9
5256151071	Inorganic	Other elements, little or no C	10
5256159811	Dehydration Synthesis	Added monomers lose H or OH Release water Bond at oxygen - forms a bridge Polymer formed Building polymers/monomers together	11
5256175151	Hydrolysis Reaction	Water added to break bonds in polymers Reverse of dehydration synthesis Breaking polymers apart	12
5256193511	4 Characteristics of Carbohydrates	Made up of rings (or ring looking structure) Made up of ration CH2O End in "ose" OH (hydroxyl group)	13
5256203637	Monosaccharide	monomer Simple sugar	14
5256206310	Disaccharide	2 monosaccharides bonded Double sugar	15
5256209574	Polysaccharide	3 or more monosaccharides bonded Complex carb	16
5256212022	Function of Carbs	Short term energy Storage: polysaccharides	17
5256230936	Glycogen	How animals store excess sugar Mostly stored in liver and muscle cells When your glucose levels are low, broken down	18
5256246560	Starch	How plants store extra sugar Humans and other animals can break down Examples: potatoes, plantains, rice	19
5256251683	Cellulose	Structural Make plants rigid Cell walls Can't be broken down by humans and animals Examples: corn, legumes, lettuce	20
5337076105	Lipids	Made mostly of C and H, some O and P Mostly nonpolar Hydrophobic Common lipids: fat, oils, waxes	21
5337082515	Main Function of Lipids	Energy storage (long term)	22
5337085471	Additional functions of lipids	Cushioning and insulation	23
5337088195	Monomers that make up lipids	Glycerol and fatty acids	24
5337099649	Saturated Fat	No double bonds in the fatty acid Solid at room temperature SATURATED with hydrogens	25
5337105021	Unsaturated Fat	Double bonds in the fatty acid Liquid at room temperature	26
5337112189	Trans Fat	Really bad for you - causing cancer, diabetes, obesity, other health concerns	27
5337118076	Phospholipids	Glycerol with only two fatty acids Major component of CELL MEMBRANES Form a double layer in water	28
5337123268	Waxes	Protective coat for fruits and animals	29
5337127252	Hormones	Steroids	30
5337160462	Proteins (Function)	Structure, storage, defense, transport, and speeding up reactions Found in hair, muscles, feathers Common foods: meat, eggs, nuts	31
5337168065	Proteins (Structure)	Monomers: amino acids Amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen and R group Only 20 different R genes Polymers: polypeptides STRUCTURE = FUNCTION	32
5337179106	Protein Synthesis	Link between the C and the N: peptide bond 2 amino acids joined = dipeptide bond	33
5337193775	Primary Protein Structure	Chain of amino acids	34
5337198012	Denaturation	Unravel/altar structure of a protein DESTROY	35
5337205128	Secondary Protein Structure	Folding/coiling pattern	36
5337209901	Tertiary Structure	Overall 3D shape	37
5337214696	Quaternary Structure	Multiple polypeptide chains twisted together	38
5337217781	Nucleic Acids Function	Store and transmit genetic information Heredity/genetics	39
5337223208	Nucleic Acid monomers	Nucleotides	40
5337237765	Two types of nucleic acids	DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA - Ribonucleic Acid	41
5337247252	Nucleic Acid Structure	Made of C, H, O, N and P 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base	42