The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi2 Flashcards

4404379864	fungi is more related to...	animals than either is related to plants or charophyte algae	0
4404386161	What is the sister taxon to animals?	taxon	1
4404386162	what is true of fungi and animals that is not true of plants	they are heterotrophic	2
4404401110	alimentary canal	is the tube that goes from mouth to anus(food does not go into the body it goes through it)	3
4404406100	How do we get nutrients from the food?	secret enzymes into the alimentary canal to breakdown the molecules of the food then absorb them	4
4404407947	How does a fungus get food?	it grows by adding cells onto the surface of whatever it eats	5
4404431288	what do plants and charophyte algae make cellulose with?	circular arrangements of protein molecules	6
4404439776	what does it mean to be a sexual species?	to undergo fertilization and meiosis	7
4404442987	fertilization	union of 2 gametes to produce a zygote	8
4404445710	what does fertilization cause?	doubling of the ploidy	9
4404503777	What does meiosis do?	halves the ploidy	10
4410348254	in any sexual species there is	a haploid and diploid part of the cycle	11
4410349460	What are the 3 major sexual groups?	animals, plants, and fungi	12
4410353857	plants under what in regards to their sexual life cycle	alternation of generations	13
4410353858	alternation of generations	both the haploid and diploid stage are multicellular	14
4410356091	what do humans undergo?	humans are diploid individual we then produce gametes by meiosis each of which is a single cell then forms a zygote which is now diploid.	15
4410357905	what do fungi undergo?	its body is haploid and produces gametes by mitosis, the gametes produce a zygote by meiosis to produce haploid cell	16
4410362795	What part of the life cycle is multicellular for humans?	diploid	17
4410363222	What part of the life cycle is multicellular for fungi?	haploid	18
4410364240	What part of the life cycle is multicellular for plants?	multicellular haploid and diploid stage	19
4410364768	what is the multicellular haploid stage in plants called?	gametophyte stage and produces them by mitosis	20
4410365379	what is the multicellular diploid stage in plants called?	sporophyte stage spores produced by meiosis which is now haploid which then can undergo mitosis to become multicellular gametophytes.	21
4410373447	nonvascular plants are	the basal taxon of plants which include moss, liverworts, and hornwarts	22
4410379787	what is life?	the chemical reactions of aqueous solutions that we call metabolism	23
4410381342	sporangia is	spore producing sacks that are encased by a wall which has sporopollenin inside of it	24
4410382790	sporopollenin causes sporangia to be	water proof and helps against desiccation	25
4410388652	Why were the first plants small?	being multicellular is too complicated	26
4410391186	we could not have a cell as big as a human?	The surface area to volume ratio the volume gets bigger faster than the surface area does.	27
4410402690	since surface doesn't grow as fast as volume	you wont have enough surface area to absorb all the nutrients needed by the volume	28
4410405664	where does diffusion occur well?	over short distances so the early small plants	29
4410406873	Why are humans able to be this big	in addition to diffusion we have convection which is the bulk movement of a fluid which is our blood and our heart is the convection. we have vessels	30
4410409316	why were early plants called nonvascular	early plants did not have vessels to export wastes they only had diffusion	31
4410416505	fungus is	little filaments called hyphae making up a mycelium	32
4410419007	mycelium is	collection of all the hyphae in a fungus, grows into and on whatever the substrate it uses as food.	33
4410423127	how do you know when a fungus is ready to reproduce?	it has a fruiting body ie mushroom	34
4410427874	what is the purpose of hyphae?	maximize surface area contact with the food that they are growing on.	35
4410429371	what is the symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants?	the fungi will grow on the roots and help uptake nutrients in the environment	36
4410434873	Describe how fungi and plants help each other	the fungi poke through the cell wall and the plasma membrane wraps around the fungi	37
4410439697	in fungi fertilization is in 2 events	plasmogamy and karyogamy	38
4410439698	plasmogamy	union of cells and their cytoplasm as merged and their nuclei are individual	39
4410441531	what does plasmogamy give rise to?	heterokaryotic	40
4410445304	heterokaryotic	having different nuclei	41
4410447012	karyogamy	coming together of the nuclei to make a diploid zygote which will then undergo meiosis which produces haploid that grow up to be adult multicellular haploid fungi	42
4410451425	What is the basal taxon of fungi	chytrids that are unicellular fungi	43
4410453281	what do you use to describe a unicellular fungus?	yeast	44
4410455234	myc or myco refers to	fungus	45
4410455243	what does a mycologist study?	fungi	46
4410456528	glomeromycetes	glob like fungi	47
4410457248	what are the biggest fungi and the most abundant	ascomycetes and basidiomycetes	48
4410460961	major sub groups of plants	nonvascular plants(bryophytes) and vascular plants	49
4410461878	Why is it good for plants to become big?	the taller you can become the more sunlight you can get	50
4410467823	vascular plants are divided into 2 sub groups	seedless vascular plants and seeded vascular plants	51
4410468294	seedless vascular plants	ferns can get huge but do not produce seeds	52
4410471194	seeded vascular plants allowed	seed containing an embryo with its own food supply	53
4410473582	2 types of seeded plants?	gymnosperms and angiosperms	54
4410478434	What type of plant produces flowers	angiosperms	55
4410486163	In bryophytes (gametophyte and sporophyte)	the gametophyte is the dominant stage so the sporophyte relies on it	56
4410488864	in seedless vascular plants (gametophyte and sporophyte)	the sporophyte has dominance and is bigger over the gametophyte stage	57
4410490328	In seeded plants (gametophyte and sporophyte)	the sporophyte has dominance and is bigger over the gametophyte stage you see the sporophyte of maple trees	58
4410493470	What does a seed start out as?	a unfertilized ovule which is enclosed by its own chamber a pollin grain will come in and fertilization comes in and makes a zygote once it undergoes mitosis	59
4410497002	what is a seed?	a growing embryo with its own food supple in its own case	60
4410500431	What type of tree is a conifer	gymnosperm	61
4410502553	What does a complete flower consist of	sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels	62
4410507540	Why are flowers vibrant colors?	to advertise to pollinators which are insects mostly	63
4410511290	anther is where	pollen grains which contain male gametes are produced	64
4410519075	Lichens are	symbiotic relationship between a fungus and alga and are found on rocks which are important on producing soil by degrading rocks	65
4410525514	endophyte	a fungus that lives inside a plant that is a symbiotic relationship	66
4410534084	what does a bilaterally symmetrical flower mean?	a pollinator does not have that many ways to get pollen which causes less gene flow.	67