The Making of Industrial Society Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 3526383655 | steam | burned coal to to boil water and create steam, which drove mechanical devices that performed work. | 0 | |
| 3526387471 | factory system | new and larger units of production supplemented the putting-out system; demand for certain products led to proto-industrial factories; replaced both the putting-out system and proto-industrial factories - became the characteristic method of production in industrial economies new and larger units of production supplemented the putting-out system; demand for certain products led to proto-industrial factories; replaced both the putting-out system and proto-industrial factories - became the characteristic method of production in industrial economies | 1 | |
| 3526393021 | kay | Invented the flying shuttle First important technological breakthrough 1733 Speeded up the weaving process and stimulated demand for thread | 2 | |
| 3540066600 | Calico Acts | 1720 and 1721. Prohibited imports of printed cotton cloth and restricted the sale of calicoes at home. Resulted from British wool producers. | 3 | |
| 3526394689 | crompton | mule in 1779 Adapted for steam power the device of choice for spinning cotton Turned out strong,fine thread, and it worked fast can produce a hundred times more thread than a spinning wheel | 4 | |
| 3526396511 | cartwright | a clergyman water-driven power loom that inaugurated an era of mechanical weaving in 1785 15 x more than the fastest weaver | 5 | |
| 3526397722 | watt | created the most crucial technological breakthrough of the early industrial era- a general purpose steam engine in 1765 | 6 | |
| 3526400018 | bessemer | 1856 build a refined blast furnace known as Bessemer converter that made it possible to produce steel cheaply and in large quantities. ->Steel production rose sharply, and steel quickly began to replace iron in tools, machines, and structures - simplified the process for making steel | 7 | |
| 3526402436 | stephenson | -self educated Englishman - Build the first steam-powered locomotive in 1815 - Rocket - burned too much coal for use at seal | 8 | |
| 3526406166 | wedgewood | - portrays how managers impose strict work discipline and closely supervise employees -An Englishman with a wooden leg who owned a pottery plant - high standards in an effort to produce the highest quality pottery | 9 | |
| 3540090320 | smith | -Wrote the Wealth of Nations is 1776 -He used a pin factory to describe the new system of manufacture - Each worker performed a single task | 10 | |
| 3526409007 | luddites | 1811-1816 - an organized bands of ENglish handicraft workers that went on a rampage and destroyed textile machines that they blamed for their low wages and unemployment - Leader: King Lud -wore masks and operated at night, avoided violence | 11 | |
| 3540100387 | bismark | - his government sponsored rapid industrialization in Germany - encouraged the development of heavy industry, and the formation of huge businesses became a hallmark of German industrialization | 12 | |
| 3540106321 | krupp | a German firm that dominated mining, metallurgy, armaments production, and shipbuilding | 13 | |
| 3526416727 | malthus | an english economist and pioneer of population study, who had pessimistic predictions about the future of humanity. He explains that poverty is the result of unchecked population growth. | 14 | |
| 3526422401 | Ford | -In 1913 assembly line to automobile production. - a convey system that carried components past workers at the proper height and speed. - Each worker performed a specialized task at a fixed point on the assembly line. -> enormous productivity gains -Ford Motor Company | 15 | |
| 3526424553 | Rockefeller | - American petroleum producer -Dominate all facets of a single industry - example of Vertical organization (trusts) - Ruled through Standard Oil COMpany and Trust, controlled almost all oil drillings, processing, refining, marketing, and distribution in the U.S - All Control allowed Standard Oil to operate efficiently, cut costs, and undersell its competitors - Large cooperations great advantage over small businesses. | 16 | |
| 3526426330 | Crystal Palace | - A magnificent structure made of iron and glass that enclosed trees, gardens, fountains, and manufactured products from around the world | 17 | |
| 3540131597 | IG Farben | - horizontal organization or cartels - Involved consolidation or cooperation of independent companies in the same business - absorb competitors, fix prices, regulating production, or dividing up markets - world's largest chemical concern that grew out of a complex merger of chemical and pharmaceutical manufactures that controlled 90 percent of production in chemical industries. | 18 | |
| 3526428726 | Jenner | - English physician that created the smallpox vaccination from cow pox | 19 | |
| 3526430956 | demographic transition | -Shifting patters of fertility and mortality -As industrialization- fertility began to decline because of birth control | 20 | |
| 3540147966 | mrs sandford | -wrote Woman in Her Social and Domestic Character in 1833 -Supported the new role of Middle Class women (taking care of children and the house) -Described the ideal British woman -The model woman "knows that she is the weaker vessel" and takes pride in her ability to make the home a happy place for her husband and children | 21 | |
| 3526442520 | fourier | (1772-1837) -Utopian Socialists -worked to establish ideal communities that would point the way to an equitable society -salesmen -hated competition of the market system and called for social transformation - wanted community to be held together by love > coercion | 22 | |
| 3526444982 | owen | (1771-1858) -Utopian Socialist -a successful businessman - Transform New Lanark into a model industrial community - waged raises, 17-> 10 hours of work, built spacious housing, opened a store that sold goods at fair prices, opened up a shcool in 1816 - Indictment of competitive capitalism, stress on cooperative control of industry, advocacy of improved educational standards for children | 23 | |
| 3526447356 | marx | -German theorist - Scorned utopian socialists as unrealistic that has no hope of solving problems -Social problems were inevitable results of a capitalist economy - 2 main classes: Capitalists and Proletariat - Believed police forces and courts of law and music art literature and religion served the purposes of capitalists - Since they amused working classes and diverted attention from their misery instead of improving | 24 | |
| 3526447357 | engels | Collaborator with Karl Marx. He was a textile factory owner and supplied Marx with the hard data for his economic writings, most notably Das Kapttal (1867) (1820-1895) | 25 | |
| 3526453164 | trade unions | sought to improve workers' lives by seeking higher wages and better working conditions for their members; first considered illegal by employers and governments (workers went on strike); did not seek to destroy capitalism, but ultimately made employers more responsive to workers' interests and needs | 26 | |
| 3526458025 | witte | -Finance minister that helped Russian industry grow -oversaw construction of the trans-Siberian rail words -Pushed industrialization by reforming commercial law, protecting infant industries, support steamship companies, promoted nautical and engineering schools -invited foreign investors to bring their capital and expertise - Saving banks -By 1900 Russian produce half worlds oil and rank 4th - coal and iron industries and armaments industry | 27 | |
| 3540364849 | russia and japan | did not begin until late 19th century; new system of facilitated trade and transportation (bigger ships, larger docks, deeper canals) benefitted Japan; British, European, & U.S. industrialists sought natural resources & agricultural products of Russia (industrialization didn't have a strong footing there) | 28 | |
| 3526464507 | whitney | - inventor of the cotton gin in 1793 - Developed the technique of using machine tools to produce large quantities of interchangeable parts in the making of firearms - designed machine tools with which unskilled workers made only a particular part that fit every musket of the same model | 29 | |
| 3526496287 | vertical organization | dominating all facets of a single industry; Rockefeller, trusts | 30 | |
| 3540194056 | horizontal organization | consolidation or cooperation of independent companies in the same business; sought to ensure the prosperity of their members by absorbing competitors, fixing prices, regulating production, or dividing up markets, cartels | 31 | |
| 3540180650 | zaibatsu | -huge industrial empires -wealthy cliques -usually around a single family ex: Mitsui combine- own or had large investments in a multitude of enterprises engaged in banking, trade, mining, food processing, and textile manufacturing | 32 |