Chapter 30- The Americas in the Age of Independence Flashcards
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| 3955268700 | Juan Manuel de Rosas | -Reigned 1829-1852 -Caudillo -Restored order in Argentina after it was badly divided between the gauchos and elite -Established control at Buenos Aires -Reign of Terror to stifle opposition -Popular with the gauchos -"The Argentine Nero" or "The Machiavelli of the Pampas" | 0 | |
| 3955275841 | Lopez de Santa Anna | -Caudillo -1797-1876 -Political turmoil during the Mexican-American war allowed this general to strengthen his previously sketchy rule on Mexico -Mexico's government bounced to all different types of governments under the sun -A liberal reform movement after the war caused the government to change again | 1 | |
| 3955284499 | Benito Juarez, La Reforma | -1806-1872 -Led by a Mexican President of indigenous ancestry -Occurred in the 1850s -Aimed to limit the power of the military and the Roman Catholic Church -Wanted to create a rural middle class -Reforms enacted by constitution of 1857 -Constitution also gave universal male suffrage, freedom of speech, etc -Also aimed towards land redistribution to indigenous peoples as well; not very successful | 2 | |
| 3955289187 | Lincoln | -Elected in 1860 -Ignited Civil war (1861-1865) -Believed slavery was immoral, but initially started war to reunite the Union -Hesitant to emancipate slaves for fear of losing border states -Emancipation Proclamation issued on January 1, 1863 freed slaves in rebel states -13th amendment of 1865 freed all slaves | 3 | |
| 3955293664 | Secession | -Between 1860-1861 eleven southern states seceded from the Union -South was world's major source of cotton, preventing them from industrializing, but assuming they could maintain a stable economy without aid from the North -Got manufactured goods from Britain -Did this to stand up for their rights | 4 | |
| 3955297387 | Emancipation Proclamation | -Issued by Abe Lincoln January 1st, 1863 -Freed slaves in rebel states -An attempt by North to gain upper hand in Civil War but keep border states in Union | 5 | |
| 3955298978 | Federalism | -Government system where power is divided between the national and state governments -Some people were proponents of this to unite ethnically divided Canada -Canada: Head of government= Prime Minister, legislature= House of Commons and Senate | 6 | |
| 3955307367 | British North America Act | -1867 -Joined Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and recognized them as the Dominion of Canada -Other provinces joined later -Each province had own government, legislature, and lieutenant governor representing the British crown -Federal government established -British influence until 1931 | 7 | |
| 3955313196 | Dominion of Canada | -Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick; other provinces later incorporated -Established in 1867 -Federal government enabled by the British; British still intervened in Canada's affairs -Granted Canada control over all of their internal affairs -John A. Macdonald incorporated Northwest Territory into Dominion in 1869, and Prince Edward Island later -Believed only a geographic unification; work would need to be done to unite Canada (i.e. build transcontinental railroad) | 8 | |
| 3955319601 | John Macdonald | -1815-1891 -First Prime Minister of Canada -Purchased Northwest Territories from Hudson Bay's company in 1869 -Believed only geographically united Canada -Oversaw construction of transcontinental railroad in 1885; facilitated transportation and communication -Railroad helped bring Saskatchewan, Alberta (1905), and Newfoundland (1949) into Dominion | 9 | |
| 3955326785 | Louisiana Purchase | -1803 -Thomas Jefferson bought Louisiana Territory from broke Napoleon Bonaparte -Extended from Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains -Enabled U.S. to double in size again -Expeditions to explore led by Lewis and Clark (1804-1806) | 10 | |
| 3955330678 | Lewis and Clark Expedition | -1804-1806 -Expedition west to explore vast Louisiana territory recently purchased from French -Mapped Territory -Surveyed Resources -Led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark | 11 | |
| 3955334589 | War of 1812 | -War between U.S. and Britain because Britain invaded on U.S.'s rights during Napoleonic Wars -British Canada was in front lines of conflict -Helped ethnically diverse Canadians (French and British) overcome differences to defend themselves against the U.S. (successful) -Expanded Canadian economic growth after the fact | 12 | |
| 3955340915 | Rule of Juan Manuel in Argentina | -1829-1852 -Reign of terror to unify Argentina after divided by gauchos and upper class -Established control at Buenos Aires -Quelled rebellions in a bloody fashion -Called for regional autonomy but wanted to establish a centralized government -Popular amongst gauchos because of his personality | 13 | |
| 3955347899 | Trail of Tears | -1838-1839 -Thousands of indigenous peoples died from disease, starvation, and difficulties of relocation -Indian Removal Act of 1830 caused Native Americans to be pushed West into Oklahoma -Seminoles, Cherokees, and more were pushed west; some resisted; did not end well for them | 14 | |
| 3964693073 | Mexican-American War | -1846-1848 -North American Intervention or War of 1847 -Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836, U. S. annexed it in 1845, which angered Mexicans - U. S. Instigated and won the war -War ended with Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, where U. S. Took about 1/2 of Mexico's territory for $15 million (north of Rio grande, California, New Mexico) | 15 | |
| 3964729851 | Seneca Falls Convention | -1848 -Women congregate and issue "declaration of sentiments" modeled after Declaration of Independence/ Declaration of the Rights of the Female Citizen -part of women's rights movement -gradually, new educational and occupational opportunities arose for women (college, professional jobs, etc) | 16 | |
| 3964755085 | California Gold Rush | -1849 -Drew largest crowd of migrants who contributed to American prosperity -Many didn't settle to just mine gold; few actually made a lot of money, but the migrants started other jobs or contributed to America's workforce (industry for cheap labor), thereby expanding the U. S. economy | 17 | |
| 3964787024 | La Reforma in Mexico | -1850s -Led by President Benito Juarez -Aimed to limit the power of the military and the influence of the Roman Catholic Church -Set forth by Constitution of 1857 -land reform efforts focused on taking away some property from corporations to give to indigenous people (ended up in wealthy hands) -Designed to create a rural middle class -Civil liberties granted | 18 | |
| 3964843108 | U. S. Civil War | -1861-1865 -Southern states seceded from the Union after election of Lincoln -Initially a fight to restore unity; symbolized southern states fighting for their rights -emancipation proclamation turned it into a fight to end slavery -Southerners believed they could be self-sufficient -13th Amendment ended war and abolished slavery -Battle of Gettysburg (1863)= turning point for North -Great economic and social expenses | 19 | |
| 3964874635 | Establishment of the Dominion of Canada | -1867 -British North America Act recognized Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick as this -federal government created headed by a lieutenant governor who represented the British crown -John A. Macdonald= first prime minister | 20 | |
| 3964874636 | French Troops Withdraw From Mexico | -Napoleon 111 tried to end disorder by recreating a monarchy beat back by Mexican forces on May 5, 1862 -French occupied Mexico during their civil war because they couldn't pay French loans -afterwards thousands more were sent and emperor from France was proclaimed -Withdrew 1867 -Mexico remained politically divided | 21 | |
| 3964991605 | Reconstruction in the U. S. | -1867-1868 -Backlash overturned reforms made by reconstruction -British capital helped U. S. Establish a thriving textile industry -Made effective use of investments to reunite land after Civil War; capital helped them rely on wage labor over slavery -Construction of Railroads helped integrate all of the U. S. | 22 | |
| 3965019021 | Completion of Transcontinental Railroad in the U. S. | -1869 -Omaha (connections to eastern states) to San Francisco -allowed for cheap transportation of goods and travelers, which greatly boosted the economy -new organizational and managerial skills developed to operate large businesses -Construction boosted other industries like steel and coal | 23 | |
| 3965048854 | Battle of Little Big Horn | -AKA Battle of Greasy Glass Creek -Most famous action of Great Sioux War of 1876-1877 -Sitting Bull (holy man) led natives to victory against U. S. -Southern Montana -Lakota Sioux rebel against U. S. Forcing them to move west | 24 | |
| 3965084990 | Rule of Porfirio Diaz in Mexico | -1830-1915 -Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920 took place to overthrow this dictator -lower classes tried to overthrow unequal land distribution -construction of rail and telegraph lines -continuing industrial expansion -paved streets and electric lights in Mexico City -significant foreign investment in the Mexican economy | 25 | |
| 3965136009 | Completion of Canadian Pacific Railroad | -1885 -built largely with British investments -Would serve as centerpiece of national transportation systems -opened western lands to commerce -stimulated development of other industries -promoted a federal economy -part of national policy (program of economic development) | 26 | |
| 3965159809 | Northwest Rebellion | -1885 -Louis Riel (1844-1885) was leader of metis (indigenous + European ancestry) and indigenous people in Northwest Canada -Became provisional governor in 1870 to voice concerns for his people's land rights -Negotiated incorporation of Manitoba into Dominion, but soon outlawed -Building of Canadian Pacific Railroad threatened indigenous again, so Riel came out of exile to lead a rebellion consisting of Metis and Indigenous peoples in the Saskatchewan River County to fight against white settlement -Riel executed, rebellion quickly squashed by government; foreshadowed a long period of cultural conflict between British Canadians, French Canadians, and Indigenous peoples -French took rebellion as a sign that British wanted to oppress cultural minorities | 27 | |
| 3967121696 | Massacre at Wounded Knee | -1890 -_____ Creek, South Dakota -Sioux indigenous peoples adopted "Ghost Dance" where religious beliefs believed in afterlife with no whites -Whites tried to oppress them- Cavalry was sent in to chase Sioux who were fleeing to Badlands -Here, a Sioux accidentally shot off a gun -U.S. responded by slaughtering over 200 men, women, and children -Symbolizes U.S.'s harsh treatment of indigenous peoples | 28 | |
| 3967150610 | Mexican Revolution | -1910-1920 -Middle class Mexicans joined with peasants to overthrow Porfirio Diaz -1st major attempt to topple unequal land distribution system -Those without land turned to guerrilla warfare against the government -Lower classes led by Emiliano Zapata and Francisco Villa (agrarian rebels) -These leaders redistributed land to the lower classes -Zapata killed in 1919, Villa in 1923- Government regained control -Although only temporary, this led to the development of the Mexican Constitution of 1917, which provided land redistribution, universal suffrage, more education, better working conditions, and more | 29 |