APWH: The making of Industrial Society Flashcards

3974993363	Industralization	a process that transforms a agricultural society into a society characterized by industry and manufacturing; driven by technological and organizational changes which increased productivity	0
3975046589	Calico Acts of 1720	prohibited imports of printed cotton cloth and restricted the sale of calicoes(fabric) at home	1
3975073274	John Kay	invented the flying shuttle; sped up weaving process and stimulated demand for thread	2
3975079927	Samuel Compton	invented the mule; quickly turned out strong, fine thread	3
3975093993	Edmund Cartwright	invented the water driven water loom; produced cotton faster(mass production)	4
3975109293	James Watt	improved the steam engine; predominantly used in textile industry; results in greater productivity for manufacturers and cheaper prices for consumers	5
3977327846	Bessemer converter	invented by Henry Bessemer; converter is a blast furnace, produced steel cheaply and in large quantities. steel replaced iron	6
3977342920	George Stephenson	built the first steam powered locomotive; faster than Watts engine but used too much coal to use at sea	7
3977352113	Factory system	replaced putting-out system; specialized labor; poor working conditions	8
3977366454	Luddities	groups of English hand crafts workers destroyed textile machines for low wages and unemployment; no violence against people; were hung	9
3977387075	Eli Whitney	interchangeable parts in the making of firearms; dont have to replace the weapon entirely instead replace one part	10
3977404479	Henry Ford	assembly line; a conveyor system that carried components past workers at the proper height and speed;division of labor=productivity gains=car prices plummeted	11
3977428823	vertical organization	dominates all facets of a single industry	12
3977434721	John D. Rockefeller	petroleum producer that dominated the oil industry	13
3977442177	horizontal organization	cooperation of independent companies in the same business	14
3977462339	monoplies	an industry dominates	15
3977468586	trusts	an arrangement that allows a third party to hold assets in behalf of a beneficiary	16
3977468587	cartels	an agreement between competing firms to control prices or exclude entry of a new competitor in a market	17
3977506238	"Women in Her Social and Domestic Character"	Mrs. John Sandford described the ideal British woman; "knows she is the weaker vessel"; "unfeminine in independence	18
3977524314	socialism	deplored economic inequalities in the vast difference in wealth between workers;condemned exploitation of laborers	19
3977561551	Charles Fourier	loathed competition of the market system; advocate for social transformations that would better serve the needs; communities based on love	20
3978328764	Robert Owen	founded New Lanark(model industrial community); raised wages, reduced work hours, built spacious housing, opened a store of cheap goods	21
3978395114	Karl Marx	opposed utopian socialist views;	22
3978781184	capitlaist	owned industrial machinery and factories	23
3978788534	proletirat	wage workers who had only their labor to sell	24
3978793001	the Communist Manifesto	theorist Engels and Marx wrote to abolish private property and establish a revolutionary egalitarian(equal and fair) society; argued history had been based on the struggle between social classes; opposed capitalsim	25
3978797485	Trade unions	represent the interest of the industrial workers; fought for employers to acknowledge the needs of workers; opposed violence	26
3978800406	Count Sergei Witte	finance minister; oversaw construction of trans-Siberian railroad; reformed commercial law, protect infant industries, support steamship companies, promote nautical/ engineering schools	27
3978827240	zaibatsu( 'wealthy cliques')	when business operate independently the government sold them to private entrepreneurs who often built huge industrial empire called; operated and controlled companies in several industries	28
3986110779	Utopian society	society based on equality; stressed education for children and combined control over industrty	29
3986171985	social reform	regulated hours of women and children;	30
3986179781	Bismark	offered German workers medical insurance and social security	31