Biology: Exploring Life Chapter 9 Flashcards
Biology: Exploring Life is the textbook these terms are from.
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| 5433558801 | asexual reproduction | process in which a single cell or set of cells produces offspring that inherit all their genetic material from one parent (Concept 9.1) | 0 | |
| 5433558802 | sexual reproduction | process in which genetic material from two parents combines and produces offspring that differ genetically from either parent (Concept 9.1) | 1 | |
| 5433558803 | chromatin | combination of DNA and protein molecules, in the form of long, thin fibers, making up the genetic material in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell (Concept 9.2) | 2 | |
| 5433558804 | chromosome | condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide (Concept 9.2) | 3 | |
| 5433558805 | sister chromatid | one of a pair of identical chromosomes created before a cell divides (Concept 9.2) | 4 | |
| 5433558806 | centromere | region where two sister chromatids are joined tightly together (Concept 9.2) | 5 | |
| 5433558807 | cell cycle | sequence of events from the production of a eukaryotic cell to the time the cell itself reproduces (Concept 9.2) | 6 | |
| 5433558808 | interphase | stage of the cell cycle during which a cell carries out its metabolic processes and performs its functions in the body (Concept 9.2) | 7 | |
| 5433558809 | mitotic phase | stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing (Concept 9.2) | 8 | |
| 5433558810 | mitosis | process by which the nucleus and duplicated chromosomes of a cell divide and are evenly distributed, forming two daughter nuclei (Concept 9.2) | 9 | |
| 5433558811 | cytokinesis | process by which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided in two; usually follows mitosis and meiosis (Concept 9.2) | 10 | |
| 5433558812 | spindle | framework of microtubules that guide the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis (Concept 9.3) | 11 | |
| 5433558813 | centrosome | region of cytoplasmic material that in animal cells contains structures called centrioles (Concept 9.3) | 12 | |
| 5433558814 | prophase | first stage of mitosis and of meiosis I and II, when the already replicated chromosomes condense (Concept 9.3) | 13 | |
| 5433558815 | metaphase | second stage of mitosis and of meiosis I and II when the spindle is fully formed and all of the chromosomes are held in place (Concept 9.3) | 14 | |
| 5433558816 | anaphase | third phase of mitosis and of meiosis I and II, in which the sister chromatids separate and move toward the poles of the spindle (Concept 9.3) | 15 | |
| 5433558817 | telophase | final stage of mitosis and of meiosis I and II, in which the chromosomes reach the spindle poles, nuclear envelopes form around each set of daughter chromosomes, and the nucleoli reappear (Concept 9.3) | 16 | |
| 5433558818 | cell plate | disk containing cell wall material that develops in plant cells during cytokinesis, eventually dividing the cell into two daughter cells (Concept 9.3) | 17 | |
| 5433558819 | cancer | disease caused by severe disruption of the mechanisms that normally control the cell cycle (Concept 9.4) | 18 | |
| 5433558820 | meiosis | type of cell division that produces four cells, each with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell (Concept 9.5) | 19 | |
| 5433558821 | karyotype | display of a person's 46 chromosomes (Concept 9.5) | 20 | |
| 5433558822 | homologous chromosome | one of a matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent (Concept 9.5) | 21 | |
| 5433558823 | diploid | having two homologous sets of chromosomes (Concept 9.5) | 22 | |
| 5433558824 | haploid | having a single set of chromosomes (Concept 9.5) | 23 | |
| 5433558825 | zygote | diploid cell formed when the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell (Concepts 9.5, 33.3) | 24 | |
| 5433576776 | fertilization | the fusion of the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell and the nucleus of a haploid egg cell, forming a diploid zygote | 25 | |
| 5433576777 | tetrad | group of four chromatids formed during prophase I of meiosis by the two sister chromatids in each of the two homologous chromsomes | 26 | |
| 5433579308 | benign tumor | mass of cells that remain at their original site | 27 | |
| 5433579309 | malignant tumor | mass of abnormal cells resulting from uncontrolled cancer cell division | 28 | |
| 5433584191 | metastasis | spread of cancer cells beyond their original site in the body | 29 |