AP Language Argumentative Terms Flashcards
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| 2210399749 | ad hominem | "against the man"; a diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker | 0 | |
| 2210404744 | ad populum | also known as bandwagoning; "everyone's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do" | 1 | |
| 2210414273 | argument | a process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion | 2 | |
| 2210416722 | begging the question | a fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt; Is the support itself sound? | 3 | |
| 2210421933 | circular reasoning | a fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence | 4 | |
| 2210425639 | deduction | a logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth and applying it to a specific case; usually demonstrated in the form of a syllogism | 5 | |
| 2210434408 | either/or | also known as false dilemma; a fallacy in which the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices | 6 | |
| 2210436708 | faulty analogy | a fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable | 7 | |
| 2210440370 | hasty generalization | a fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence | 8 | |
| 2210443628 | induction | a logical process whereby the writer reasons from the particulars to the universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion | 9 | |
| 2210448637 | logical fallacy | potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument, usually arising from a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support it | 10 | |
| 2210452440 | polemic | an argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion | 11 | |
| 2210464609 | post hoc ergo propter hoc | a logical fallacy for "after which therefore because of which"; it's incorrect to claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier; correlation does not imply causation | 12 | |
| 2210480164 | propaganda | a term with negative connotations to describe writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information; the spread of ideas and information to further a cause | 13 | |
| 2210490792 | red herring | a logical fallacy in which a speaker skips to a new and irrelevant topic in order to avoid the topic of discussion | 14 | |
| 2210499377 | refute | to deny the validity of an opposing argument | 15 | |
| 2210500993 | straw man | a logical fallacy that occurs when a speaker choose a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea | 16 | |
| 2210504457 | syllogism | a logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion | 17 | |
| 6410091534 | bandwagon | same as ad populum; this fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do." | 18 | |
| 6410100771 | bias | prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue | 19 | |
| 6410112685 | counterargument | a challenge to a position; an opposing argument | 20 | |
| 6410115483 | false dilemma | same as either/or; the writer tries to convince the audience that there are only two sides to an issue-- one right, one wrong | 21 | |
| 6410137091 | non sequitur | "it doesn't follow"; the writer's conclusion is not necessarily a logical result of the facts | 22 | |
| 6410144217 | quick fix | the writer leans too heavily on catchphrases or empty slogans, oversimplifying the issue | 23 |