AP Psychology: Thinking and Language Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 4878362029 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category | 0 | |
| 4878362030 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem | 1 | |
| 4878362031 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently | 2 | |
| 4878362032 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problems | 3 | |
| 4878362033 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions | 4 | |
| 4878362034 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving | 5 | |
| 4878362035 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving | 6 | |
| 4878362036 | representative heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent particular prototypes | 7 | |
| 4878362037 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory | 8 | |
| 4878362038 | overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments | 9 | |
| 4878362039 | framing | the way an issue is posed | 10 | |
| 4878362040 | belief perseverance phenomenon | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited | 11 | |
| 4878362041 | language acquisition device | Chomsky- we are all born with a language acquisition device; a biological tendency to learn language | 12 | |
| 4878362046 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think | 13 | |
| 4878396267 | Phoneme vs. morphene | Phonemes are the basic sounds (40 in English language) whereas morphemes are the smallest units of language | 14 | |
| 4878396268 | Semantics vs. syntax | syntax is the grammar of language whereas semantics are the meaning of the syntax used | 15 | |
| 4878397273 | Mental Set | framework for thinking about a problem. It can be shaped by habit or by desire | 16 | |
| 4878398526 | Subordinate vs. Superordinate Concepts | superordinate concepts are the most general way to classify something whereas subordinate are the most specific concepts | 17 | |
| 4878398527 | Deep vs. Surface Structure | deep structure is s an abstract level of structural organization in which all the elements determining structural interpretation are represented whereas surface structure is the form of sentences resulted from modification/ transformation | 18 | |
| 4989503030 | deep structure | an abstract level of structural organization in which all the elements determining structural interpretation are represented | 19 | |
| 4989504082 | surface structure | the form of sentences resulted from modification/ transformation | 20 | |
| 4989504591 | superordinate concepts | the most general way to classify something | 21 | |
| 4989505281 | subordinate concepts | the most specific concepts | 22 | |
| 4989506273 | syntax | the grammar of language | 23 | |
| 4989506274 | semantics | the meaning of the syntax used | 24 | |
| 4989507886 | Phonemes | the basic sounds (40 in English language) whereas | 25 | |
| 4989507887 | morphemes | the smallest units of language | 26 |