AP World History Chapter 4 Flashcards

2998560462	Xiongnu	powerful nomadic group located to the north of china, they were the primary reason for the construction of the great wall	0
2998563264	Cleisthenes	athenian spokesman; credited with establishing the world's first democratic government	1
2998564883	Legalism	harsh, rigid style of governmental rule found in classical qin china; focused on the censorship of scholarly works, and included severe penalties for breaking the law	2
2998564884	Hoplites	greek foot soldiers	3
2998567772	Attila the Hun	infamous barbarian invader who led a series of attacks on the roman empire during the mid-400's C.E.; was surprisingly persuaded to spare and leave rome for breaking the law	4
2998576626	Ionia	a small series of greek settlements along the anatolian seacoast that came under the rule of an expanding persian empire	5
2998578485	Aristotle	greek philosopher and scholar; tutor of the legendary macedonian leader alexander the great	6
2998580070	Patricians	a wealthy social class found in classical era from roman society	7
2998581904	Pax Romana	a stable, prosperous period within the context of classical roman society; generally considered to be the height of roman imperial power and influence	8
2998583691	Helots	conquered peoples, who lived in slave like conditions within classical spartan society	9
2998585830	Julius Caesar	member of the first triumvirate along with crassus and pompey; eventually established himself as the first dictatior of rome; assasinated by members of the roman senate	10
2998587922	Ahura Mazda	great deity of goodness in the classical era persian empire	11
2998589313	Herodotus	viewed as the "father of greek history," it is his works that provide a detailed account of the legendary battles of the persian war	12
2998590807	Qin Shihuangdi	chinese leader who ended the period of the "seven warring states" and consolidated power in china around 221 B.C.E.; commissioned the building of the great wall, and implemented the policies of legalism within the empire itself	13
2998590808	Octavian	grand-nephew of the legendary julius caesar, and a member of the second triumvirate; renamed caesar augustus by the roman senate, and ascended to the position of "first citizen" of rome; first true roman emperor	14
2998592986	Persia	legendary empire located in modern day iran; engaged in a series of battles against the greek city states during the early days of the classical era; monotheistic based society, which favored the formation of satrapies to assist in running the various aspects of its government	15
2998595048	Twelve Tables	the formal name for the codified system of roman law; it borrowed heavily from the ancient mesopotamian ideologies included within the code of hammurabi	16
2998597691	Eunchs	castrated officials within the classical chinese government who were loyal to the emperor and tended to feud with members of the wealthy aristocracy, the scholargentry	17
2998599007	Cyrus the Great	first leader of the achaemenid, or persian, empire; nicknamed the"lawgiver" by the hebrew people, after he freed them from babylonian rule, and allowed them to return home to jerusalem	18
2998601034	Wendi	founder of the short-lived sui dynasty of china, who supported the state sponsorship of buddhism as an official religion within chinese border	19
2998601035	Senate	legislative body of the roman republic, who typically served in an advisor role to the populace itself; it orignally consisted of 300 members, but ballooned to 900 during the reign of caesar augustus	20
2998604632	Persepolis	the persian capital	21
2998604633	Ashoka	legendary leader of the mauryan empire; fair and virtous, he would eventually break from the custom of his people and convert to the ideals of buddhist thought	22
2998608131	Darius the Great	persian leader who empasized the philosophy of autocratic (absolute) leadership, however, he was generally tolerant of other religions and cultural ideologies	23
2998608132	Wudi	emperor of the han dynasty, who established the world's first true civil service examination system, which incorporated vast elements of confucian thought into its overall political and social structure	24
2998610548	Alexander the Great	legendary macedononian ruler, who established an expansive empire that covered regions in; syria, egypt, persia, and the northern part of classical era india; founder of the hellenistic era, which is credited with spreading the various aspects of greek civilization throughout the mediterranean basin	25
2998613062	Yellow Turbin Rebellion	a major peasant revolt which took place in classical era china around 184 C.E.	26
2998613063	Socrates	athenian orator and philosopher, who formulated the question and answering method of learning within classical era greek circles; eventually forced to commit suicide by drinking the poison hemlock, for "corrupting athenian youth"	27